Kuta Bataguh is administratively located in Bataguh and East Kapuas Districts, Kapuas Regency, Kalimantan Tengah. The research aims to reconstruct the characteristics of Kuta Bataguh. This research is using interpretive-descriptive method with the inductive reasoning. Data collection used surveys, excavations, interviews, and literature study. The analysis included environmental, stratigraphic, artifactual, spatial, and absolute dating analysis. Survey (surface and aerial) and excavation activities were carried out inside and outside the fence, both downstream and upstream of the Karinyau River. The results illustrate that the characteristics of Kuta Bataguh are a large permanent settlement that is split by a river. The fortified settlement of Kuta Bataguh was the leader residence of Ngaju community group (as the center of power). By referring to the pattern, function and extent of this settlement, it can be assumed that the local authorities in Bataguh are on par with early state in their socio-political organization.
Kondisi lingkungan fisik Kalimantan yang terdiri atas dataran rendah berawa dan hutan lebat menyulitkan akses jalan darat. Puluhan sungai besar dan ribuan sungai kecil membelah daratan Kalimantan, sehingga sungai merupakan alat transportasi utama di Kalimantan sejak zaman prasejarah hingga pertengahan abad ke-20 Masehi. Migrasi, ekspedisi militer, penjelajahan, penelitian, kegiatan misionaris, dan perdagangan, dilakukan dengan menggunakan kapal atau perahu menyusuri sungai besar hingga anak-anak sungai ke arah pedalaman. Dalam perjalanannya, banyak kapal/perahu yang mengalami masalah di perjalanan hingga akhirnya tenggelam dan kini menjadi benda yang mengandung nilai penting bagi sejarah dan pengetahuan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa saja situs tinggalan bawah air di Kalimantan yang sudah diteliti serta bagaimana upaya pelestarian dan pengembangannya. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif interpretatif dengan penalaran induktif. Data yang digunakan merupakan hasil penelitian Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan pada tahun 1997, 2006, dan 2012 yang dilakukan dengan metode survei dan ekskavasi. Ada tiga objek bangkai kapal tenggelam yang pernah di teliti oleh Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan, yaitu kapal dagang Belanda di Sungai Martapura Banjarmasin, kapal Onrust di hulu Sungai Barito, dan bangkai kapal di Sungai Kapuas Kalimantan Tengah. Penelitian arkeologi bawah air terkesan berhenti, sedangkan pelestarian dan pengembangan ketiga objek kapal tenggelam itu hingga kini masih sebatas wacana. Tidak optimalnya penelitian dan pengembangan hasil penelitian karena keterbatasan sumber daya manusia yang fokus ke arkeologi bawah air, serta kurangnya koordinasi antara Pemda dan stake holder untuk pelestarian dan pengembangannya. Wacana pengangkatan kapal tenggelam penting segera ditindaklanjuti, terutama yang bernilai sejarah untuk dimanfaatakan sebagai objek wisata dan bukti perjuangan nenek moyang. Kalimantan's physical environmental conditions are consisting of lowland marshy and dense forests,it make difficult to be accessed by roads. Dozens of great rivers and thousands of small rivers divide the mainland of Borneo, so the river is the main means of transportation in Borneo since prehistory times until the mid-20th century. The migrations, military expeditions, exploration, research, missionary activities, and trades were carried out by boat/ships down the great river to the small rivers to inland. In its journey, many boats or ships are having trouble on the way until it finally sank and now become objects that contain important values for history and knowledge. This article aims to find out what Borneo underwater sites have been studied and how to conserve and develop them. This article uses descriptive interpretive research method with inductive reasoning. The datas used are the archaeological reaserches of Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan in 1997, 2006, and 2012 conducted by survey and excavation method. There are three shipwrecks have been researched, that are in the Martapura River Banjarmasin, Onrust ships in the upstream Barito River, and shipwrecks in the Kapuas River Central Kalimantan. The research of underwater archaeology seems as if stoped, while the preservation and development of these three objects of shipwrecks are still the discourse. The research is not optimal due to the limited human resources whose focus on underwater archeology, and the lack of coordination between the local government and the stakeholders for its preservation and development. The discourse on the appointment of shipwrecks must be followed up immediately, especially those which have historical values to be used as tourist objects and monuments of ancestral struggle.
Situs pemukiman kuno ini berada di Desa Tewah Pupuh, Kecamatan Banua Lima, Kabupaten Barito Timur, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Penelitian arkeologi sudah beberapa kali dilakukan di wilayah Kabupaten Barito Timur, tetapi situs pemukiman kuno ini belum pernah diteliti. Masyarakat meyakini bahwa situs ini merupakan tempat tinggal salah satu tokoh penting pada zamannya, yaitu Patis Uwey, yang juga menjadi salah satu cikal bakal pembentukan Kademangan Banua Lima. Keberadaan situs ini diketahui dari informasi masyarakat yang diteruskan oleh dinas setempat kepada Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan, dengan temuan berupa fragmen keramik asing. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui lanskap dan kronologi relatif pemukiman kuno di situs Tewah Pupuh. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei, ekskavasi, wawancara, pemetaan, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian memberi gambaran bahwa pemukiman kuno milik Patis Uwey di situs Tewah Pupuh berada di bukit kecil yang dikelilingi oleh aliran sungai yang bermuara di Sungai Tabalong. Kronologi berdasarkan hasil analisis fragmen keramik dan penelusuran data sejarah berada di antara abad ke-14 sampai ke-19 Masehi. The ancient settlement site is located in Tewah Pupuh Village, Banua Lima District, Barito Timur Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. Archaeological research has been conducted several times in the area of Barito Timur Regency, but the ancient settlement site has never been studied. The community believes that the site is residence of the important figures, namely Patis Uwey, who also became a forerunner to the formation of Banua Lima Kademangan. The existence of this site is known from public information that was forwarded by the local service to Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan, with the findings of foreign ceramic fragments. The research conducted at Tewah Pupuh aims to determine landscape and its chronology (relative dating). The methods used are survey, excavation, interview, mapping, and literature study. The results of the study illustrate that the ancient settlement owned by Patis Uwey was built on a small hill surrounded by a river that empties into the Tabalong River. The relative chronology based on ceramic analyses and historical data came up from 14th to 19th Century.
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