The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of LLLT (660- and 808-nm wavelengths) on the process of repairing bone defects induced in the femurs of female rats submitted to ovariectomy. Bilateral ovariectomies were performed on 18 female Wistar rats, which were divided into control and irradiated groups after the digital analysis of bone density showed decreased bone mass and after standardized drilling of the femurs. The irradiated groups received 133 J/cm(2) of AsGaAl (660-nm) and InGaAlP (880-nm) laser radiation. The animals were euthanized on days 14 and 21 after the bone defects were established. Detailed descriptive histological evaluations were performed, followed by semi-quantitative histomorphometry. The results from days 14 and 21 showed that the irradiated groups presented increased density of osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and immature osteocytes on the tissue surface compared with the control (non-irradiated) groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, inflammatory infiltrate evaluations showed that LLLT decreased the accumulation of leukocytes when compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). We concluded that, in our experimental model, both wavelengths (660-nm and 880-nm) inhibited the inflammatory process and induced the proliferation of cells responsible for bone remodeling and repair.

Objetivo: Caracterizar pacientes portadores de bronquiectasias acompanhados em um ambulatório de pneumologia na cidade de São Paulo. Método: Trata-se de um estudo clínico descritivo, retrospectivo do tipo série de casos, no qual foram estudados sujeitos portadores de bronquiectasias, atendidos entre 2004 e 2011 no Ambulatório Multiprofissional de Bronquiectasias da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída de 194 pacientes, sendo 103 (53%) do sexo feminino, media de idade de 53,3 ± 18,3 anos e índice de massa corpórea de 23,4 ± 4,5 Kg/m2. Os sintomas predominantes foram tosse (93,8%), expectoração (89,2%) e dispneia (76,3%), sendo as maiores causadoras da doença a sequela de tuberculose pulmonar (37,15%), seguida de etiologia pós-infecciosa (33,5%) e causas idiopáticas (23,7%). As comorbidades mais encontradas foram hiper-reatividade brônquica (66%) e doenças cardiovasculares (44%). Conclusão: Foi delineado o perfil clínico de pacientes portadores de bronquiectasias caracterizados por baixa escolaridade, múltiplas comorbidades e presença acentuada de tosse, expectoração e dispneia.

Introduction: The purpose of the six-minute walk test (6MWT) is to evaluate cardiopulmonary capacity using a low-cost test that is easy to administer, generally well tolerated by different populations and reflects one's performance on activities of daily living. However, few studies have been conducted to determine the difference between performing the 6MWT indoors and outdoors. Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the distance covered on the 6MWT performed indoors and outdoors and evaluate the following physiological variables: heart rate, blood pressure and the subjective sensation of shortness of breath, using the Borg perceived exertion scale. Materials and methods: A prospective, randomized, clinical trial was conducted involving eight healthy females not engaged in regular physical activity, with

Teste de pressão negativa expiratória: um novo método simples para identificar pacientes com risco para apneia obstrutiva do sono Luis Vicente Franco de Oliveira, Salvatore Romano, Raquel Pastréllo Hirata, Newton Santos de Faria Júnior, Lílian Chrystiane Giannasi, Sergio Roberto Nacif, Fernando Sergio Studart Leitão Filho, Giuseppe Insalaco AbstractThe objective of this article was to describe a new method for assessing expiratory flow limitation during spontaneous breathing, using the negative expiratory pressure test to identify patients at risk for obstructive sleep apnea. Upper airway collapsibility is evaluated by measuring decreases in flow and in expired volume in the first 0.2 seconds after negative expiratory pressure application at 10 cmH 2 O. The negative expiratory pressure test is easily applied and could be adopted for the evaluation of expiratory flow limitation caused by upper airway obstruction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Keywords: Sleep apnea, obstructive/diagnosis; Sleep apnea, obstructive/prevention and control; Airway resistance. ResumoO objetivo deste artigo foi descrever um novo método para avaliar a limitação ao fluxo expiratório durante a respiração espontânea, possibilitando a identificação do risco para apneia obstrutiva do sono através do teste de pressão negativa expiratória. A colapsabilidade da via aérea superior é avaliada pela medida da queda de fluxo e de volume expirado a 0,2 segundos imediatamente após a aplicação de pressão negativa expiratória de 10 cmH 2 O. O teste de pressão negativa expiratória é de fácil aplicação e poderia ser utilizado na avaliação da limitação ao fluxo expiratório causada por obstrução da via aérea superior em sujeitos portadores de apneia obstrutiva do sono. Descritores Brief Communication 660Oliveira LVF, Romano S, Hirata RP, Faria Júnior NS, Giannasi LC, Nacif SR et al.

INTRODUCTION: Bronchiectasis is a chronic disorder characterized by permanent dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles accompanied by inflammatory changes in the walls of these structures and adjacent lung parenchyma. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to perform a clinical and functional characterization of adult patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. METHODS: A clinical, descriptive, retrospective, case-series study was carried out involving 232 patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis treated at a lung ambulatory between 2004 and 2012. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 232 patients (134 females; mean age: 52.9 years ± 17.7; body mass index: 23.5 kg/m² ± 4.4). The predominant symptoms were cough (91.4%), expectoration (85.8%) and dyspnea (76.3%). The majority of cases were of a non-tuberculosis etiology (64.7%). Regarding lung function, the obstructive breathing pattern was predominant (43.5%). The most common comorbidities were of a cardiovascular origin (51.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Adult patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (mainly post-infection or post-tuberculosis in origin) are characterized by a low educational level, excessive cough, sputum, dyspnea, muscle fatigue, an obstructive breathing pattern with frequent hypoxemia and multiple comorbidities, mainly of a cardiovascular origin. However, our patients have a low index of exacerbations and hospitalizations that can be assigned to a clinical protocol for monitoring.

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