A framework was developed for the construction of an objectives hierarchy for multicriteria decisions in land use planning. The process began through identification of fundamental objectives; these were iteratively decomposed into a hierarchy of subobjectives until a level was reached at which subobjectives had measurable attributes. Values were derived for attributes through a variety of methods and weights assigned to objectives through preference elicitation.The framework assumed that the objectives could be incorporated into a linear value function; this required attributes to satisfy preference and difference independence conditions. Strategies were developed to address typical features that distinguish land use decisions from many other multicriteria decisions. The methodology was illustrated with a case study of land use planning in a forestry concession in the Merauke region of Papua Province, Indonesia. The problem involved severe hard constraints; the analysis showed how these can be accommodated within the framework. Results integrated interests and preferences of a diverse set of stakeholders (resident peoples, developers, and conservation professionals) and were intended for implementation. This methodology is extendible to other land use problems.
In 1995 a new population of the recently described, endangered bovid, the saola Pseudoryx nghetinhensis, was found in the forests of Bu Huong, Nghe An Province in Vietnam. The new records were to the north of the main known populations, and represent an important range extension for the species. The new population may number only 30 individuals and appears to be confined to river valleys in primary forest. Investigations at this site and a compilation of published and unpublished data suggest that the range of the species in Vietnam and Laos includes over 5000 sq km of mountainous terrain, four protected areas (Vu Quang and Pu Mat, Nature Reserves [Vietnam], Nakai Nam Theun and Hin Namnu National Biodiversity Conservation Areas [Laos]), and three proposed protected areas (Bu Hong [Vietnam], Nam Chuan and Nakai Nam Theun Northern Extension National Boidiversity Conservation Areas [Laos]). All known locations for the species are mountainous with steep river valleys, covered by evergreen or semideciduous forests between 300 and 1800 m, with low human disturbance. The main threats to its survival are hunting by local villagers and clearance of forests to provide farmland. Both need to be tackled if the saola and other forest‐endemic species of this area are to persist.
We describe a new species of smoky honeyeater from the Foja Mountains, an isolated range in western New Guinea (Papua Province, Indonesia). A common inhabitant of montane forest and forest-edge in this little-known north coastal range, this species possesses a fleshy pendant suborbital wattle, unique in the genus Melipotes, among other characteristics that distinguish it from all congeners. This fleshy wattle provides a morphological link between Melipotes and the monotypic genus Macgregoria, an alpine inhabitant of the Central Ranges of New Guinea, traditionally treated as a bird of paradise (e.g., Frith and Beehler 1998) but now regarded as the sister genus to Melipotes (Cracraft and Feinstein 2000). The presence of an endemic meliphagid species in the Foja Mountains highlights the biogeographic significance and conservation importance of this geographically isolated upland forest tract, which is also home to the endemic Golden-fronted Bowerbird (Amblyornis flavifrons) and Berlepsch's Parotia (Parotia berlepschi), a distinctive, recently rediscovered species of six-wired bird of paradise (B. M. Beehler unpubl. data). Una Especie Nueva de Melipotes (Meliphagidae) del Oeste de Nueva Guinea
In extant hexanchid sharks except for (usually) a bigger primary cusp, isolated teeth of a given size of the smaller species Hexanchus vitulus (Springer and Waller) may be confused with those of H. griseus (Bonnaterre). This specific size difference has significance in the fossil record. Heptranchias perlo (Bonn.) differs in its more slender and relatively larger primary cusp with basal denticles (not serrations as in Hexanchus) on its mesial margin and fewer crownlets increasing and then decreasing in size distally. Notorynchus cepedianus (Peron) differs mainly in its more robust primary cusp and crownlets which are fewer in number than in Hexanchus and which decrease evenly in size distally, like Hexanchus. Californian specimens of Notorynchus are included in the monotypic TV. cepedianus until the taxonomic significance of the variability of the upper medial teeth is established and defined. N. cepedianus is recorded from the fossil record for the first time. Heptranchias haswelli Ogilby is regarded as a species inquirenda. Hexanchus agassizi Cappetta is expanded to include the Eocene Hexanchus teeth from South Australia. Heptranchias howellii (Reed) from the South Australian Eocene and Notorynchus primigcnius (Agassiz) from the Victorian Miocene are recorded and described from Australia for the first time. Recently Bass et al. (1975) suggest that more detailed anatomical studies of the six-and sevengill sharks may show that the smaller species of Hexanchus, H. vitulus, may have more in common with Heptranchias perlo than with the larger species, Hexanchus griseus. H. griseus, on the other hand, may have more in common with Notorynchus cepedianus. Until these suggestions are confirmed or repudiated by further detailed work the suprageneric classification adopted here is that of Patterson (1967). Terminology The tooth types medials, laterals and posteriors are used in the sense of Applegate (1965a). The faces of a tooth are termed labial and lingual and the margins mesial and 61
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