The aim is to emphasize the notions: determinant indicator and predictor of risk factors for periodontal pathologies, and to show the interconnection logic, analyzing the effects of one of the risk factors, in this case of smoking, mainly on the amount of gingival fluid. For achieving this, measurements were carried out, in mm of the wet amount of adsorbent placed in sulcus, before and 30 minutes after smoking; held in sulcus, for 3 minutes. This procedure was repeated several times. In the end, we organized the summary table, to show the interconnection of concepts about periodontal risk. What represents the human body consists of the host which is subjected to the action of oral bacterial flora and this interaction extends in time, where the personal diet of the patient operates as mechanical element that cleans the surfaces of the tooth. It is noted that the change in wetting of the adsorbent was only 1 or 0.5 millimeters, within 3 minutes time that was held inside the sulcus. Small changes, but in total for the whole mouth, these are with great action for the oral hygiene. Once this 0.5 mm of humidity is produced in 6 different points, around the tooth, and for 32 teeth simultaneously, the cleaning action of gingival fluid is more effective. Smoking not only increases the amount of crevicular fluid, but it also promotes the destruction of the bone, whose clinical signs are visible to the naked eye.
Background
Apical periodontitis as an endodontic diagnosis has attracted attention for the close relationship between the periodontal nature and the endodontic nature that this pathology represents. The appearance of pathology in periodontal tissues, but originating from the infected canal of the affected tooth, is caused by the passage of pulpal infection–inflammation products only between the apical foramen toward the periodontal tissues positioned at the exit of the tooth canal. Depending on the morphology of the canal, it can be one inflamed area, or several that form a whole, if the pulp has terminal branches, like “river delta,” in its apical exit.
Main body of the abstract
The study aims to evaluate the clinical significance whether to treat or not with antibiotics of apical periodontitis. This study aims to look at this pathology from the perspective of the articles already published in the literature and after processing the conclusions of all the articles, come up with current recommendations on the treatment or not with antibiotics of the clinical cases presented with the pathology of the apical periodontium.
Results
The classification of apical periodontitis occurs depending on the clinical signs visible with radiographs and the objective and subjective complaints of the patient. Regardless of subclassifications of apical periodontitis, the cause is bacteria or symbiosis of bacteria causing pulpitis, so as in any bacterial infection there is a tendency to treat them with antibiotics locally rather than in a systemic way, as long as the infection does not cause systemic symptoms such as fever, or massive swelling of the affected area.
Short conclusion
From the analysis of the collected information, it is clear that the trend for treatment of apical periodontitis in the future does not lie in the application of antibiotics, but rather in irrigation solutions or the use of devices for the purpose of disinfecting the canal affected by the pathology. However, in no case is it indicated to eliminate the mechanochemical canal cleaning protocol before applying any type of treatment methodology.
Contex:The prevalence of diabetes in Albania in the adult population is 1.9%, which means that here are approximately 60,000 diabetics patients. In fact, the number should be 2-3 times higher, as in some screenings performed in
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