Processing industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina had been developed by 1991 in several centers. In the postwar period, the majority of industrial plants were extinguished with only the most productive sectors remaining as carriers of development, but their priority was not the environmental protection. The adoption of the Law on Environmental Protection ("Official Gazette of the F B&H", number 33/03 of 19 July 2003) involving the European Directive IPCC (Integrated Pollution, Prevention and Control) created the preconditions for an integrated approach to preventing and supervising of pollution and practical application of a new legal instrumentenvironmental permit. First environmental permits were issued in 2004, and up to date some 900 permits have been put into force in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. With this paper we want to show the effect of the administrative procedure of issuing environmental permit on the development of integral system of environmental protection of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and to emphasize the need of changing the existing legislation in this sector.
Maquis plant communities are one of the most varied vegetation types in the Mediterranean region and an important habitat for wild and domestic herbivores. Although the majority of these shrubs are nutritious, the secondary compounds are the main impediments that reduce their forage value. In five experiments, we determined the effect of supplementing the diets of goats with calcium hydroxide plus barley and with barley alone on their intake of five dominant shrubs (Quercus ilex, Erica multiflora, Arbutus unedo, Viburnum tinus and Pistacia lentiscus) of the Mediterranean maquis community. The combination of calcium hydroxide plus barley and barley alone increased the utilisation of Q. ilex, E. multiflora and P. lentiscus, while the intake of A. unedo and V. tinus was not statistically significantly different. Calcium hydroxide and barley (energy) enhance the use of secondary compound-containing plants, which may increase the production of alternate forages and create a more diverse mix of plant species in the Mediterranean maquis plant community.
Mediterranean ecosystem offers a variety of shrubs that were over long periods of time involved in the evolution of complex plant-animal interactions. Biochemical components of these plants enter different metabolic pathways after digestion and absorption, resulting in development of dietary preferences in browsing animals. Herbivores in general were found to perform better when grazing in a mixed plant community composed of diverse species, and show preferential feeding behaviours for mixed vs single species diet. Our findings demonstrate an asymptotic relationship among Mediterranean shrubs species diversity and their voluntary intake by goats. Shrub biomass intake showed linear increase when number of different shrubs in diet increased from one to three. However, goats did not further increase intake when the number of shrub species increased from four to eight. As the number of shrub species offered increased, goats exhibited more preferential feeding behaviour for Quercus pubescens, Fraxinus ornus, Rubus heteromorphus and Arbutus unedo and decreased the intake of Hedera helix, Juniperus oxycedrus and Helichrysum italicum. This asymptotic relationship indicates that the maintenance of plant species richness in Mediterranean shrublands can overall benefit domestic goat farming, goat's productive performance, and the conservation of plant biodiversity.
Prostorno planiranje je vitalni proces za brzo i uspješno razvijanje projekata vezanih za upravljanje vlažnim staništima, time i projektima vezanim za turizam. Turističke aktivnosti mogu dati obol razvijanju općeg razumijevanja, te podizanju pozornosti javnosti za vlažna staništa i njihove funkcije i ekološke sustave. Pored toga, turizam može biti i izvor prihoda te može pružiti mogućnosti zapošljavanja u ruralnim sredinama. Turisti također imaju utjecaj na vlažna staništa. Mjesta koja su dostupna turistima traže intenzivnije upravljanje negoli ona koja im nisu pristupačna. U cilju osiguranja skladnog odnosa između turističkih aktivnosti i zaštite okoliša prijeko je potrebno pristupiti procesu izrade urbanističkog projekta u sklopu zaštićenog područja na iznimno senzibilan način. U radu je sugeriran pristup izradi Urbanističkog projekta "Karaotok", u sklopu Parka prirode Hutovo blato.
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