Nanoformulated SM (SMnp) destroyed tumors via increasing SOD, CAT and GSH concomitant with decreasing MDA. Moreover, SMnp-induced apoptosis through decreasing Ki-67 and Bcl2 expression, along with the activation of caspase-3, leads to inhibition of proliferation and the arrest of ceel cycle progression at the G1/S phase. Electron microscopy studies presented the superiority of SMnp over native SM in causing mitochondrial and nuclear degeneration in cancer cells.

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Aim: To study the potential use of nanoformulations of curcumin (CUR); CUR-loaded pluronic nanomicelles (CURnp1), and CUR-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (CURnp2) as antitumor agents in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing animals, and their mechanism of action. Materials & methods: CURnp1 and CURnp2 were prepared, characterized and tested against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice. Superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), glutathione, malondialdehyde, histopathological, immunohistochemical studies, cell cycle and caspase-3 were investigated. Results & conclusion: CURnp1 destroyed tumors via increasing superoxide dismutase, CAT and glutathione, decreasing malondialdehyde through inducing apoptosis by decreasing Ki-67 and Bcl2 expression and activating caspase-3 leading to inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle arrest with progression at G1/S phase. The study demonstrated for the first time superiority of CURnp1 over native CUR and CURnp2 as anticancer agents.

Recently, the fundamental roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the progression and development of diseases have been shown in several studies. In the liver 70% of all expressed miRNAs is miR-122; therefore it is measured as a liver-specific miRNA. The aim of this work was to evaluate the hepatoprotective and radioprotective effect of orally administrated naringin and silymarin pretreatment in CCl4-intoxicated and γ-irradiated rats, also to study the change of gene expression of microRNA and change of IL-6 levels to find powerful and reliable tools that can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of hepatotoxicity and radiation exposure for monitoring and treatment. This study revealed that pre-treatment of rats with naringin orally (80 mg/kg b,w) significantly restored the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxidation (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in rats injected with 1 ml/kg b.wi.p CCl4 and in rats exposed to 7 Gray single one shot dose of γ radiations. The combination between naringin and silymarin resulted in significant reduction in IL-6 level in hepatotoxic rats. MicroRNA-122 expression changes in hepatotoxicity and radiation emphasize the great value of miRNA signatures as hepatotoxicity and radiation biomarker.

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