SUMMARYIn this paper it is shown that active-RC filters whose sensitivity to component tolerances can be minimized by impedance tapering, will also have low output thermal noise. It is shown that impedance tapering will also reduce output thermal noise in OTA-C filters.
The design procedure of low-sensitivity, low-pass (LP) Z"'-and 3'-ordcr class4 Sallm and Kcy active resistance-capacitance (RC) allpole filters, using impedance tapering, has alrcady bccn published [I]. In this paper desensitization using impedance tspcring is applied to HP and BP 2"*+rdcr filters. It is shown that HP filters haw dual properties to LP filters in the scnsc of sensitivity Among various topologies of BP filters, the bcst topology is proposed. The sensitivity of a filter bansfer function to component tolerances is examined using the Schoeffler sensitivity measurc as a basis for comparison. Monte Carlo runs are performcd as a double-check. The component values, selected for impedance tapcring, account for the considerable decrease in scnsitivitics to component tolerances for thc LP as well as for the HP and BP filters.
In this paper a comprehensive procedure for the analog modeling of Fractional-Order Elements (FOEs) is presented. Unlike most already proposed techniques, a standard approach from classical circuit theory is applied. It includes the realization of a system function by a mathematical approximation of the desired phase response, and the synthesis procedure for the realization of basic fractional-order (FO) one-port models as passive RC Cauer-and Foster-form canonical circuits. Based on the presented oneports, simple realizations of two-port differentiator and integrator models are derived. Beside the description of the design procedure, illustrative examples, circuit diagrams, simulation results and practical realizations are presented.
Original scientific paper In this paper we present an optimal design procedure for second-and third-order active resistance-capacitance (RC) single-amplifier building blocks that are used to build a high-order tolerance-insensitive allpole filter. The design procedure of low-sensitivity, low-pass second-and third-order active-RC allpole filters, with positive feedback, has already been published. The design was extended to the high-pass and band-pass filters, as well as, to the filters using negative feedback. In this paper we summarize all these previously presented designs in the form of a tabulated step-by-step design framework (cookbook). The low passive sensitivity of the resulting circuits, as well as low active sensitivity features are demonstrated on the high-order Chebyshev filter examples. The resulting low passive sensitivity is investigated using the Schoeffler sensitivity measure, whereas the low active sensitivity is investigated with Matlab using finite and frequency dependent opamp gain.
In this paper we present an optimal design procedure for 2 nd -order BP filters with a single operational amplifier. We compare two known design procedures and investigate how a combination of two design methods yields an optimal 2 nd -order BP filter. The new design provides a filter with low sensitivity to passive components. We present this straightforward design procedure in the form of a tabulated step-by-step design framework and demonstrate it with a 2 nd -order Chebyshev filter. The resulting sensitivity is investigated using the Schoeffler sensitivity measure.
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