In this study, solar energy was utilized to distillate and purify saline water throw a single slope solar still. The used solar still is from the conventional type which is one of the best solutions to overcome the lack of drinking water in remote arid areas. It consists of square basin of area 1 m2, black box fitted with saline water, and transparent glass cover with 4 mm thick. The experiment was conducted at four saline water depths (1, 2, 3 and 4 cm from the still bottom) and at two levels of water salinty (15000 ppm and 35000 ppm). Several experiments carried out (January, February, March and April 2018). Experiment was carried out on single slope solar still designed and installed at
Background:Adiponectin possesses anti-inflammatory properties and also has pro-inflammatory aspects in some diseases. Adiponectin plays an important role in bone metabolism and osteoporosis (OP) pathophysiology, modulating bone formation and remodeling by selectively enhancing stem cell development between adipocyte and bone precursors in the bone marrow in response to reduced energy storage and metabolic needs.
Objective We aimed to measure the serum level of vitamin k2 in postmenopausal osteoporotic patients to determine its role in the disease. Patients and Methods Our study was designed as a cross sectional study, with 15 postmenopausal osteoporotic patients (with reduced bone mineral density BMD), aged between 54-58 years old compared to 15 healthy controls (with normal BMD at all of lumbar spine, femoral neck and hip) matched in age with the patients. All participants were subjected to full medical history taking, physical examination and functional assessment of the activity of daily livings (ADL). Biochemical assays of thyroid stimulating hormone, parathyroid hormone, total calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Kidney and liver function tests and serum levels of vitamin k2 were performed. Results The patients showed highly significantly lower vitamin k2 levels (P < 0.05) and non-significant correlations between vitamin k2 and the activity of daily living (ADL) nor the other laboratory assessment parameters (P > 0.05) among the patient’s group. Conclusion Vitamin K deficiency is highly prevalent in the majority of our patients and should be considered an associating factor in the etiology of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Vitamin k2 deficiency could result in a decrease in the bone mineral density in postmenopausal women, so vitamin k2 levels should be checked in post-menopausal osteoporosis and any deficiency must be treated and corrected to improve the bone mineral density.
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