There is still a long way to go towards promoting a resourceful young population. Citizens and institutions must focus on increasing both the competence of youths and external supports. Information must be provided systematically and health services must have greater accessibility. Studies addressing cultural and environmental determinants that contribute to the molding of the sexual conduct of Portuguese adolescents must be held to produce new and effective culturally sensitive health interventions.

Objective: To investigate whether glycated albumin, fructosamine, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are associated with neonatal complications in newborns of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods:Between November 2016 and September 2017, women with a singleton pregnancy and GDM were enrolled in a prospective study in an obstetric Portuguese referral center. Glycemic markers were compared between mothers of newborns with and without complications. Multivariable logistic regression models and corresponding areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used.Results: A total of 85 women participated in the study. Raised levels of glycated albumin and fructosamine were associated with at least one neonatal complication (OR-[odds ratio] estimate: 1.33, P=0.015; OR: 1.24, P=0.027, respectively) and with respiratory disorders at birth (OR 1.41, P=0.004; OR 1.26, P=0.014, respectively). HbA1c was not associated with these outcomes. All biomarkers were associated with large-forgestational age (LGA) status (OR 1.61, P<0.001; OR 1.45, P<0.001; OR 3.62, P=0.032 for glycated albumin, fructosamine, and HbA1c, respectively). All had similar AUC for at least one neonatal complication (0.82; 0.81; 0.79, respectively). For newborn respiratory disorders, AUCs were 0.83, 0.81, and 0.76, respectively, and for LGA status were 0.81, 0.79, and 0.71, respectively. Conclusion:Raised values of glycated albumin and fructosamine were associated with particular perinatal complications in newborns of mothers with GDM, better discriminating mothers of newborns with and without complications than HbA1c. K E Y W O R D S

Strict glycaemic management is the cornerstone of metabolic control in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Current monitoring standards involve self-monitoring plasma glucose (SMBG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). However, both have important limitations. SMBG only reflects instantaneous blood glucose and the inconvenience of self-collecting blood frequently results in poor compliance. HbA1c provides information on blood glucose levels from the previous 2 to 3 months and it is influenced by iron-deficient states, common during pregnancy. There is an urgent need for new shorter-term glycaemic markers, as glycated albumin, fructosamine or 1,5-anhydroglucitol. Glycated albumin seems especially interesting as it provides information on blood glucose levels over the foregoing 2-3 weeks and it is not influenced by iron deficiency or the dilutional anaemia of pregnancy. Fructosamine has a precise and inexpensive measurement and it is not affected by haemoglobin characteristics. This review further discusses the potential value of these non-traditional indicators of glycaemic control in patients with GDM, outlining their possible future applications.

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Background: In situ breakage of Implanon® is a rare occurrence with unknown clinical significance. Authors report two different cases of broken Implanon® of women attended at our Family Planning Clinic. Discussion: In situ implants may spontaneously and asymptomatically break, although some uncertainty relies on whether that situation has a real impact on the contraceptive effectiveness or on bleeding patterns. Even more, it can be argued if, as a result of an occurrence of that nature, the implant shall or shall not be removed before the envisaged 3-year period of effectiveness. Conclusion: Currently, the clinical significance of implant breakage remains unknown. The decision to remove a broken or bent implant should be based on clinical judgements considering patients' wishes.

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A Doença de Hansen é uma doença infecciosa causada pelo microrganismo Mycobacterium leprae. No passado, a gravidade da apresentação desta doença e a inexistência de terapêutica adequada, levou à estigmatiza- ção destes doentes. Felizmente, a forma com se olha esta patologia melhorou nas últimas décadas graças à terapêu- tica múltipla que agora temos ao nosso dispor. Com o fenómeno da imigração de regiões do globo onde esta doença ainda tem uma prevalência significativa, assis- timos ao surgimento de novos casos de Lepra em Portugal, nomeadamente em mulheres em idade fértil. A doença de Hansen na gravidez coloca questões quer no que respeita às consequências da terapêutica (durante a gravidez e amamentação), quer no que se refere ao momento do parto. A gravidez causa uma diminuição relativa da imunidade celular, o que permite a proliferação do bacilo com possível agravamento da doença. A escolha dos fármacos adequados impede a lesão nervosa permanente. Relatam-se três casos seguidos na Maternidade Dr. Alfredo da Costa, em conjunto com o serviço de Dermatologia do Hospital Curry Cabral, que pretendem ilustrar a vigilância da gravidez nestas situações. Em todos eles as grávidas foram medicadas com rifampicina e clofazimina. Esta reflexão sobre Gravidez e Lepra visa desmistificar a patologia e sublinhar a importância do seguimento multidis- ciplinar destas gestações.PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Gravidez; Clofazimina; Rifampicina; Lepra.