This study investigated long-range effects of concentration camp internment on survivors. The underlying hypothesis was that the extreme and prolonged stress suffered by victims could be expected to have resulted in impoverishment of personality and dedifferentiation in both personality and perceptual-cognitive functioning. Subjects were 42 survivors, 26 males and 16 females, ranging in age from 42 to 67, and 20 controls, 9 men and 11 women, of similar age, background, and education but who had escaped incarceration. The study was carried out in Israel, using a double-blind paradigm. All subjects were tested with three of Witkin's measures of psychological differentiation, the Embedded-

Intelligence, occupation, and education levels of both parents, as well as personality characteristics of mothers, the primary nurturant adults, were investigated as related to early infantile autism. Our sample consisted of 50 sets of parents of disturbed children, 15 whose children had met Rimland 's stringent criteria for autism, 24 whose children, though not having met these criteria, had been diagnosed clinically as autistic, and 11 sets whose severely disturbed children were never diagnosed autistic. All parents were tested for intelligence. In addition, mothers' personality was tested via Human Figure Drawings and Eysenck's Personality Inventory. Rimland 's E-2 questionnaire was generally filled out by mothers. Results indicated that fathers of autists , but not mothers, were of significantly above-average intelligence. Mothers were significantly more neurotic on Eysenck's scale than mothers of disturbed nonautistic children, and significantly more introverted than his normative sample. Finally, there was a significant correlation between neuroticism of mothers and children's autism.

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Better performance on human-figure drawings and embedded-figures was found for the third week of the cycle for 155 college women and for a second group of 116 girls and unmarried women. Further study of the role of cyclicity in perceptual-cognitive functioning is desirable.

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