Insect pests are the forcing barrier for crop production worldwide. Of those insects, lepidopteran forms a major group of pests damaging from larval, pupal to adult stages. A leaf-mining insect i.e., Tuta absoluta of the lepidopteran group is a serious pest of tomato throughout the globe. The widespread outreach resulting from this challenging pest posed a great threat in every habituated continent recently. The extensive infestations fortified by feeding grubs on tomato and other Solanaceous crops have unprecedented economic losses of the yield. Due to the entophytic nature of the pest, it makes growers difficult to manage the tomato leaf miner pest. So, every approach is to be foreseen to manipulate the pest environment not favoring them for survival, multiplication, and growth. Thence, a complete package of useful tactics including physical, biological, mechanical, biotechnical, botanical, and chemical measures are fruitful to harness the real impact of pest management. The best control strategies are accessed and complied herein considering the actual know-how on the nature of pests and effective mitigating measures to assure the crops in this review paper.
Nanotechnology is an innovative discipline of science that has revolutionized the way we perceive the dimension and size of a molecule. The micrometric molecules accessed under the nanometric level generate nano-derived particles through which other nanodevices and nano-systems are contrived. Those nano-derived appliances are accommodable in effectuating copious different functions like physiological and biochemical processes in livestock species. The wide application of nanotechnology in animal science seems to be fateful unless and until nano-derived implements are recognized for execution in the field of animal breeding, production, health and management, and so on. The fundamental motivation behinds this article is to provide an insight into the application of nanostructures in the field of animal science to enhance the current frameworks. This review points out the current applications with appropriate measures of divergent nanotechnological particles, devices, and systems in the periphery of animal science.
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