The Algerian coastline is being exposed to several types of pollution, including that of hydrocarbons. This environment rich in oil could be the source of proliferation of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. The objective of the study is to isolate and identify indigenous bacterial strains from marine waters of two ports in the eastern Algerian coast and to test their growth in the presence of hydrocarbons with and without biostimulation throughout the intake of nitrogen and phosphate. Results recorded the highest level of both total hydrocarbons and phosphates in the port of Annaba, followed by El-Kala station and then the control station, while that of total nitrogen was vice versa. Fifty-three bacterial strains were identified from which four were selected to perform the growth tests. Results showed that the growth and the biodegradation differ from one species to another. Thus, the strains tested (Halomonas venusta NY-8, Exiguobacterium aurantiacum NB11-3A, Vibrio alginolyticus Pb-WC11099, and Dietzia sp. CNJ898 PL04) seem very active, in which better growth was obtained with the last two strains during nitrogen and phosphate supplementation. Such strains are suggested to participate a lot in the biodegradation of oil at polluted sites.

Depressive anxiety is one of the most emotional disorders in our industrial societies. Many treatments of phobias exist and are based on plant extracts therapies, which play an important role in the amelioration of the behavior. Our study aimed to evaluate the adaptogenic activity of different essential oils provided from local plants: Cinnamomum camphora (Camphora), Eucalyptus globulus (Blue gum), Lavandula stœchas (Topped lavender) and Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) on Wistar rats. The adaptogenic activity was evaluated on the elevated plus-maze. The efficacy of the extract (200 mL/kg) was compared with the standard anxiolytic drug Diazepam® 1 mg. Animals administered by the essential oil of Lavandula stœchas, Cinnamomum camphora, Rosmarinus officinalis and Eucalyptus globulus showed a behavior similar to those treated with Diazepam®. For groups treated with the following essential oils: Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula stoechas and Cinnamomum camphora at a dose of 200 mL/kg, we notice an increase in the time spent on the open arms of the elevated plus-maze and a decrease in time spent on the closed arms of the elevated plus-maze, especially for Rosmarinus officinalis, which explains the anxiolytic effect of these plants. We also notice a decrease in the number of entries in closed arms, open arms and the number of passing to the central square. The increase in the number of entries to open arms with Eucalyptus globulus essential oil shows a reduction in anxiety behavior in rodents and this shows that these plants have an inhibitory effect.

The aim of the present work is to set up a production process of goat milk-based yoghurt. Six (06) kinds of yoghurt have been prepared: a mixed unflavored yoghurt with 50% cow & goat milk, a mixed flavored yoghurt with 50% cow & goat milk, an unflavored 100% goat-milk-based yoghurt, a flavored 100% goat-milk-based yoghurt, two types of 100% goat milk-based yoghurts supplemented with natural honey. Results of bacteriological analyses of finished products showed the total absence of pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and salmonella as well as the indicator hygiene bacteria like the fecal and total coliforms. Sensory analyses revealed that 100% goat-milk-based yoghurts are always better appreciated in the other categories (flavored or unflavored) compared to 50% mixed yoghurts. Sensory analyses reported that yoghurts made with honey (HGM1 and HGM2) were richer in carbohydrates (10.5g) and in energy (89.1 kilocalories) against natural yoghurts and flavored yoghurts, which recorded a carbohydrate content of 5.3g and 68.3 kilocalories. The protein contents were assessed at 3.9g. Levels of lipids were at 3.5g together with amounts in minerals such like: calcium, phosphorous, potassium and sodium which reached respectively 168 mg, 114 mg, 203 mg and 58 mg.

Honey is a complex and variable mixture that contains more than 180 biochemical compounds from various molecule families. This mixture is obtained after processing the nectar out of plant food sources at the level of the bee abdomen. The bioactive components found in this natural product are in charge of its antimicrobial properties. Honey is used for its antibacterial actions against Gram-positive (Gram+) and Gram-negative (Gram–) bacteria, its anti-fungal and antimycotic actions against moulds and yeasts, along with its protozoal and antiviral activities. This literature review outlines the natural antimicrobial potential of honey; it explains the factors responsible for this potential and spells out their mechanisms of action. Osmotic pressure, water activity, the acid content of honey, presence of bioactive compounds like hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), phenolic acids, flavonoids, methylglyoxal (MGO), defensin-1, lysozyme, volatile compounds as well as antibacterial products secreted from the lactic bacteria that are behind this antimicrobial activity. This potential basically depends on the biological activities of the initially harvested floral source, its geographical origin, season, storage conditions, honey age, health of bee colonies and suitable beekeeping practices.

East coast of Algeria suffers from several types of pollution, mainly hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbon-based bacteria of the littoral were investigated. 53 indigenous strains were isolated, identified according to morphological and biochemical nature. Dietzia sp. CNJ898 PLO4 and Vibrio alginolyticus PB-WC 11099 were selected for growth tests in the presence of monoaromatic hydrocarbons as a sole source of carbon and energy and total hydrocarbons at the end of growth. The results showed that both strains used monoaromatics to grow. The total hydrocarbons determined after growth showed that all monoaromatics were biodegraded with different rates. The maximum rate was obtained with Dietzia sp. in the presence of xylene with 4.33 mg C/dm 3 at the end of the process, followed by toluene with a level of 5.07 mg C/dm 3 and 5.60 mg C/dm 3 in the presence of Vibrio alginolyticus. The lowest degradation rate was obtained in the presence of benzene with Dietzia sp. with 15 mg C/dm 3 compared to the control, which was 27 mg C/dm 3 at the beginning of growth. The results obtained showed that both selected strains assimilated the monoaromatics tested and could be used for the bioremediation of the polluted littoral.

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The aim of this work was to evaluate heavy metals (Lead and Cadmium) contamination in the muscles ofa local sea fish species, the black-headed Sar Diploddus vulgaris. We selected two sites in the Gulf of Annabafor this study (Sidi Salem fishing site and the Port of Annaba) and compared results to a reference site (Capde Garde), which is at a valuable distance from any source of pollution, and is considered as a relativelyclean site, while Sidi Salem and Port of Annaba are known to be exposed sites to various sources of industrial,urban and harbor pollution. Analyses have been carried out on 70 samples of dorsal-lateral muscles offishes weighting from 30 g to 280 g and sizing between 11.1 cm to 26.5 cm. The results showed the presenceof both metals in all samples during the 6 months of our study (from November to June) and in the 3 siteswith variable rates. Cadmium levels varied from 0.032 to 0.239 mg/kg/fw. Fish meat from Sidi Salem collectedduring the months of November and February displayed a rate of 0.038-0.074 mg/kg/fw of Cd beforereaching a higher value in March estimated to 0.202 mg/kg/fw of Cd. From April to June, the lateral dorsalmuscles were contaminated by lower Cd contents. Pb concentrations varied from 0.014 to 0.149 mg/kg/fw.The highest value was recorded during the month of March at Sidi Salem. Moreover, Pb concentrations inmuscle tissues increased significantly compared to the other studied sites. Very high significance differenceswere found between Cap de Garde and Port of Annaba and Sidi Salem for both metals (Pb and Cd). Toconclude, the presence of heavy metals in Diplodus vulgaris is due to the diet and the impact of anthropogenicactivities on the biotope of the fish and therefore poses a public health problem linked to frequentconsumption of this fish. Also, D. vulgaris appears to be a suitable sentinel species for the assessment ofecotoxicological risk in the Gulf of Annaba.

The aim of our work is to assess physicochemical and antibacterial potential of two local honeys compared with two imported honeys. A carbohydrate profile was carried out by HPLC. All honeys are acid and the free acidity of Zriba (36 ± 13 méq.kg -1 ), Sidi Achour (36.66 ± 0.57 méq.kg-1) were in standards well above those of imported honey: San Francisco (7 méq.kg -1 ), Elshifa (20 méq.kg-1). Refractive index complied with the standards. Sidi Achour honey was denser (1.4206) than the others. Ash content of local honey (0.76 ± 0.07) and imported honey San Francisco (0.72 ± 0.57) were higher than those of Zriba honey (0.41 ± 0.08) and Elshifa (0.25 ± 0.038). All honeys had a sucrose content within the standard. Local honey contained Trehalose and melezitose, and richer in fructose and raffinose, F & G and maltose levels were consistent with standards. Sidi Achour contained the highest turanose content (2.15 ± 0.49%) relative to the studied honey samples. Antibacterial activity showed that all honeys have antibacterial potential when they are pure. Sidi Achour was active against E.coli (24 ± 6.08 mm), S.enteritidis (26.33 ± 1.15 mm), S.aureus (19.66 ± 0.57 mm), B.cereus (13.33 ± 8.73 mm) and E.faecalis (15 ± 1 mm). Zriba honey showed the same antibacterial honey except for B.cereus (7.66 ± 2.88 mm). The imported honeys were active on the growth of only three bacteria: E.coli, S.enteritidis and S.aureus.