Background and Aim: Aflatoxins (AFs) are potent toxic metabolites produced from Aspergillus species. Whose existence in poultry ration leads to drastic economic losses, notably in duck, as the most susceptible poultry species. This study aimed to determine tissue residues of AFs, alterations in selected clinical chemistry variables in serum, mainly during the exposure period, and lycopene and silymarin's possible roles as herbal treatments against aflatoxicosis in Pekin duckling. Materials and Methods: The study used one hundred and twenty one-day-old Pekin ducklings and classified them into four groups comprising 30 ducklings in each group. The control group (G1) ducklings were fed a mycotoxin-free ration, and G2 received a naturally contaminated ration with 30 ppb of AFs. G3 and G4 consumed contaminated rations with AFs with 30 ppb for 2 weeks and were treated with lycopene 100 mg/kg or silymarin 600 mg/kg/food, respectively, for 10 days. Serum activities of alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamyl transferase, ALP, total protein and albumin creatinine and uric acid concentrations, oxidant/antioxidant parameters (malondialdehyde [MDA], total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and catalase [CAT]), and hepatic AFs residue were determined. Lycopene and silymarin were used for the treatment of aflatoxicosis for another 10 days. Results: Hepatic and kidney parameters were elevated in the AFs intoxicated group and reduced in the lycopene- and silymarin-treated groups. They had elevated MDA and AFs residues with decreased antioxidant parameters (TAC, GST, and CAT) in the AFs group. At the same time, treatment with lycopene or silymarin had reversed the action of AFs on MDA, elevated the hepatic residue, and improved antioxidant activity. Conclusion: Lycopene and silymarin, with their potent antioxidant activity, can be used to reverse the harmful effects of AFs on hepatic and kidney tissue.
The present study aimed to investigate clinico-pathological changes on turkey poult infected with Pasteurella Multocida (P. Multocida), about 200 turkey poults, 15 th day old, were subjected for bacteriological examination to obtain 80 healthy turkey poults free from any bacterial infection. Turkey poult were divided to 4 equal group, 1 st Gp healthy poults non treated (control), 2 nd Gp healthy poults injected with 20 mg/kg bwt. spectinomycin for 5 days, 3 rd Gp infected non treated turkey poults and 4 th Gp infected poults treated with 20 mg/kg b. wt spectinomycin for 5 days. Clinical signs, mortality rate and post mortom examination were recorded. Effect of P. Multocida and spictinomycin on body weight was studied. At the end of treatment (1 st day post treatment) 5 poults from each group were sacrificed, blood samples were taken for hemato-biochemical analysis. Samples from liver and kidney for detection of spectinomycin residue, beside samples from internal organs were taken for pathological study.Turkey poults received spectinomycin showed significant increase in weight gain, improve feed conversion rate, significant decrease in RBCs, Hb, PCV% and insignificant effect in leukogram, total protein, albumin, globulin, AST , ALT, ALP, uric acid, creatinine, serum total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride as compared with healthy non treated group Pasteurellosis in turkey showed clinical signs of loss of appetite, depression, ruffled feathers, dropping of the wings, fever, diarrhea, poor growth, emaciation as well as cyanosis of comb and wattles and mortality rate was 25 %. Significant reduction in body weight, weight gain, RBCs, PCV%, Hb and significant elevation in feed conversion rate, WBCs, monocyte, globulin AST, ALT, ALP uric acid, creatinine and insignificant effect in heterophils, lymphocyts, Eosinophils, basophile, total lipid, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin and A/G ratio .Spectinomycin residues were detected in liver and kidney up to 9 days post treatment but not detected at 12 days post treatment and its residues in kidney higher than in liver.
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