The coronavirus epidemic that erupted in Wuhan, China, in 2019, spread rapidly and affected the entire world. The fight against the epidemic has brought about many changes in people's lives and relationships, including preschool children, who are affected by the epidemic process. Preschool is a phase in which development is rapid and environmental factors have a high impact on development that encompasses many critical development phases. In this rapid development phase, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic process on children is revealed by the ongoing daily scientific studies, which discussed protective factors and risk factors with regard to the development of preschoolers during the pandemic process, and was conducted in the form of a compilation within the framework of data collected from the literature. The study assessed the risk factors of preschool children as risk factors for physical motor development, risk factors for social development, risk factors for emotional development, and risk factors for cognitive language development. Factors that can play a protective role in this are defined jointly for all areas of development.
As a result of the historical, cultural and sociological changes experienced around the world, school systems have contained students who differ from each other in many different ways. It is important to adopt an inclusive education approach in the creation of school systems by which incorporate into each a student as learner despite their background, disability or other personal characteristics. Teachers play an important role in this process. From this point of view, it is aimed to examine the predictive status inclusive education self-efficacy of primary education teachers by critical multicultural education self-efficacy. 315 primary education level teachers (preschool teachers and elementary school teachers) working in Erzurum province participated in the research. The teacher inclusive education self-efficacy scale was used to determine the inclusive education self-efficacy of teachers. Also, critical multicultural education teacher competency scale was used to determine critical multicultural education self-efficacy. As a result of the research, it was determined that the multicultural education skill self-efficacy of the primary education teachers predicted the importance of making the right planning in inclusive education and also the necessity of taking responsibility in inclusive education. The anxiety levels of preschool teachers about personal equipment in inclusive education were found to be significantly higher in elementary school teachers. It has been determined that the type of disadvantage experienced by teachers has created a significant change on inclusive education self-efficacy and critical multicultural education teacher self-efficacy.
In this study, the differentiation status of preschool children's adaptation to school according to their relationship with teachers was examined. The study participants consisted of 326 children aged 60-72 months and 21 preschool teachers in different preschool educational institutions affiliated to the Provincial Directorate of National Education in Konya, Turkey. The School Adaptation Teacher Assessment Scale and Teacher-Student Relationship Scale were utilized to collect the research data. In the evaluation of the research data, firstly, teacher-child relationship scores were divided into groups for cluster analysis: conflictual/non-conflictual, dependent/ independent, and close/distant teacher-child relationship. The data gathered were analyzed using the independent-samples t-test. The results of the study revealed that the level of school adaptation of the children who had close, non-conflictual, and independent relationships with their teachers differed significantly from that of children who had distant, conflictual, and dependent relationships with their teachers. Positive teacher-child relationships reflected positively on the level of the child's school adaptation level. Teachers should establish close relationships with children in order to facilitate their adaptation to the school in the preschool period.
The most important relationships in the life of the preschool children are their relationships with their parents. Until recently, when the child's relationship with their parents is considered, the relationship with their mother has been taken into account, while recently the father-child relationship has become one of the subjects that researchers are increasingly interested in and thus is emphasized. In this study, it was aimed to determine the mediating role of parenting efficacy in the association between father-child relationship and parental stress in preschool period. The research was carried out on fathers who have children between 48-72 months who continue preschool education. The study group consisted of 421 fathers selected among these fathers by random sampling method. Child-Parent Relationship Scale, Parenting Efficacy Scale and Parental Stress Scale were used to collect the research data. The results obtained from the research are as follows: Firstly, parental stress is a significant predictor of father-child relationship and parenting efficacy. Secondly, parenting efficacy is a significant predictor of father-child relationship. Finally, parenting efficacy has a partial mediating role in the relationship between father-child relationship and parenting efficacy. The results of the research may lead to the development of policies and practices that support parenting competence in terms of reducing the parental stress of fathers with preschool children and improving their relationship with their children.
Çocuğun eğitimi sürecinde okul ortamının eğitimsel gereklerini yerine getirebilmesi ve öğretimsel faaliyetleri başarılı bir biçimde sürdürebilmesinde önemli faktörlerden birisi çocuğun okula hazırbulunuşluk durumudur. Bu anlamda çocuğun okula hazırbulunuşluk durumunun ilişkili olduğu faktörlerin bilimsel araştırmalarla ortaya çıkarılmasının önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada da bu noktadan hareketle okul öncesi eğitime devam eden çocukların sosyal bağımsızlık becerilerinin okul hazırbulunuşluklarını yordama durumunun incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma nicel araştırma desenlerinden ilişkisel tarama modelinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini Konya ilinde Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı'na bağlı ilköğretim okullarının anasınıflarına devam eden 279 okul öncesi dönem çocuğu oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada çocukların sosyal bağımsızlık becerisinin ölçülmesinde Anaokulu ve Anasınıfı Davranış Ölçeği'nin sosyal bağımsızlık alt boyutu, okula hazırbulunuşluk düzeylerinin belirlenmesinde Altı Yaş Çocukları için Duygusal ve Davranışsal Dereceleme Ölçeği'nin okula hazırbulunuşluk alt boyutu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verilerinin çözümlenmesinde Pearson momentler çarpımı korelasyon katsayısı analizi ve basit doğrusal regresyon analizi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları okul öncesi dönemde çocukların sosyal bağımsızlık becerilerinin okula hazırbulunuşluk durumlarının anlamlı açıklayıcısı olduğunu göstermiştir
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