Retail activity and retail spaces have changed drastically across Turkey since the opening of first shopping mall in 1988. The boom of personal mobility (that is, the car) and the convenience of shopping at out-of-town shopping areas have caused profound transformations of the physical, social and economic structures of the historic commercial districts of Turkish city centres. Although certain revitalisation projects are being planned to develop and promote commercial activity in these districts with the aim of revitalising physical structures and regenerating social and economic activity, many of them do not use holistic approaches that take into account the physical, social and economic sustainability of the district. The focus of this study is to introduce a conceptual model of a sustainable revitalisation project for an inner-city historic commercial district in the Turkish city of Bursa. The aim of this project is to develop an integrated approach to the economic and social revitalisation of the commercial district that achieves more than just physical regeneration. The design team believes that the insight gained in this project is applicable to other revitalisation projects in different areas and is also valuable for formulating policies and appropriate codes for future projects.
There is a growing body of evidence that indicates that for creating civic consciousness and sustaining urban identity and memory people need civic interaction and social reconciliation, which are promoted by public open spaces. However, in an era of globalisation, public open spaces are mostly discussed in relation to privatisation, disappearance, obsolescence and loss of place identity, leading to urban decay problems in many city centres. The aim of this study is to propose a research method for monitoring changes in place identity in public open spaces to set the right objectives and policies in the design process of these spaces for keeping them alive and for sustaining public life. In this context, a case study was conducted in Bursa's Republic Square in Turkey, using different interpretive historical, quantitative and qualitative strategies. The main findings of the case study are that there has been a gradual decline in sense of place in recent years, although the architectural and artistic elements of the area and the name of the place are still effective in defining the identity of the area.
Affordable housing policies in Turkey have reached a new stage over the last decade in the context of the TOKİ model advocated by the government. Housing developed by TOKİ (the Public Housing Administration), the top official agency responsible for affordable housing policies in Turkey, has become so widespread in all cities of Turkey that it involves not only the construction sector but also trade associations and the public in general. In this article, following a general discussion of the demand and supply of housing in Turkey, we evaluate user satisfaction and the quality of TOKİ implementations since 2000 for low- and middle-income groups in Bursa, the fourth largest city in Turkey. Bursa sets an interesting example for the study because of the city's long-term prominence in commerce and its current status as an important industrial city. Massive migrations and unplanned urbanization have resulted in a need for housing for every income group in Bursa, especially for low- and middle-income groups. The emphasis in this study is that, in addition to quantity, quality should be considered in housing production. Furthermore, the implementation of TOKİ should be aimed at developing more habitable and higher-quality environments by considering all socio-cultural and physical factors. It is expected that these evaluations will lead to the development of a more comprehensive affordable housing policy in Turkey..
Physical qualifications of group rooms are highly important in terms of child development during preschool education. First of all, the required space should be provided in order to create ideal conditions in a group room. The standards of the required space for a child in group rooms vary among countries. It is stated that in Turkey minimum 1.5 m2 space per child in group rooms is enough. This paper studies whether this standard rate, which is stated as insufficient according to various studies, is seen enough by the users; hence, 30 children and their teachers from three different kindergartens were interviewed. It is seen that the standards in Turkey which are considered as sufficient are actually not enough according to the comments of children and teachers. The purpose of this study is to present an example constructed on the idea that the standards should be defined according to the experiences of users, so to be able to reach the right solutions which meet the needs of users.
Sürdürülebilir yapım, gelecek nesillerin sağlıklı bir dünyada yaşamlarına devam edebilmesi açısından önem taşımakta; kaynakların etkin kullanılması, yenilenebilir enerjiden yararlanma, geridönüşümlü ve çevreye zarar vermeyen materyallerin seçimi, su koruma gibi yaşam kalitesini etkileyen pek çok konu, sürdürülebilir tasarım kapsamında değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çerçevede gerçekleştirilen uygulamalar, topluma sürdürülebilirlik konusunda bilinç kazandıran semboller olarak ayrı bir değer de taşımaktadır. Sürdürülebilirlik yönünde farkındalığın sağlanabilmesine eğitimciler tarafından büyük bir önem verilmekte, çocukların erken yaşlarda bu bakış açısının sağladığı kazanımları öğrenebilmesi amacıyla "sürdürülebilirlik için eğitim" programlarına okulöncesi eğitimden itibaren yer verilmektedir. Bu anlayışın destekleyicisi olarak, eğitim yapılarının kendisinin de, okullarda öğretilen teorik bilgilerin deneyimlenebildiği bir laboratuvar olabilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Bu açıdan, çalışmada okul yapıları için sürdürülebilir yapım kapsamında dikkate alınması gereken ilkeler araştırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, bir öğrenme aracı olarak sürdürülebilir tasarımın önemine değinildikten sonra, doğal ışıktan yararlanma, ısıtma, soğutma ve havalandırma yöntemleri, rüzgâr enerjisi, su koruma ve malzeme seçimi kapsamında sürdürülebilir okul tasarımında önem taşıyan konular araştırılmıştır. Sürdürülebilir tasarım ilkelerinin dikkate alındığı uygulamaların sayıca azlığı dünya genelinde eleştirilmekte; Türkiye'de de son yıllarda konuya olan ilgide artış görülmekle birlikte, uygulama ve araştırma yönünde daha çok adım atılması gerekmektedir. Bu açıdan çalışmayla okul tasarımları için yardımcı bir kaynak sağlayabilmek amaçlanmıştır.
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