The goal of the current study is to empirically examine the role of a person’s will to exist, live, and survive (WTELS) in growth upon exposure to cumulative stressors and traumas (CST) and unpack its intricate relationships with posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We used a combined five data sets that included participants from Egypt, Turkey, Kuwait, Syria, and the United Kingdom (N = 1,566). We used measures of WTELS, resilience, emotion regulation, identity salience, PTG, interfaith spirituality, PTSD, and poor health. We used path analysis to test a model of the effects of WTELS and CST on PTG and PTSD as mediated by resilience, interfaith spirituality, emotion regulation (reappraisal), and identity salience. Further, we used PROCESS macro to test the direct and indirect effects of WTELS through the mediators. Additionally, we used curve estimation regression to explore the linear and nonlinear relationships among the predictor variables: WTELS, CST, and the outcome variables of PTG and PTSD. WTELS was found to have moderate direct positive effects on PTG, reappraisal, and resilience. It had strong direct and significant indirect negative effects on PTSD. The direct effects of WTELS on PTG were more than twice its indirect effects. Emotion regulation (reappraisal) had the highest effect size as a mediator responsible for its indirect effects on PTG, followed by the resilience and interfaith spirituality. Although WTELS was associated with PTG more linearly, CST and PTG, CST and PTSD, and PTSD and PTG were associated more nonlinearly. We discussed the implications of these results for intervention and prevention.

Aims To examine the role of thriving in the relationship between mindfulness and contextual performance. Background Thriving has been known as one of the most important components in the professional development of nurses. Previous studies have also shown that mindfulness and contextual performance have an effective role in workplace. Yet, we still know relatively little about the underlying mechanisms that explain the relationship among mindfulness, thriving and contextual performance in a nursing context. Methods Data were collected from nurses from various hospitals in Turkey (N = 398). We used the structural equation model to test the mediation model. Results Empirical results indicate that thriving mediates the link between employee mindfulness and contextual performance. Conclusions This study contributes to the existing literature on thriving by explaining the mediating mechanisms through which mindfulness affects contextual performance and provides implications for practitioners by showing that employees with higher levels of mindfulness engage in more extra‐role behaviours when their thriving is high. Implications for Nursing Management Managers should pay attention to finding ways to improve mindfulness and thriving in organisations in order to increase nurses’ contextual performance.

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Objective: The study was designed to examine the differential effects of spirituality on the mental health of believers and non-believers coping with adversities. Method: Spirituality, "will to exist live and survive (WTELS)", cumulative traumas, perceived posttraumatic growth, psychopathology, existential anxieties, self-esteem, and reappraisal were measured in two samples of main believers (Egypt, Turkey, and Kuwait, N = 1210) and mostly nonbelievers (UK, N = 178). The study used path analysis supplemented by PROCESS macro and multigroup invariance to analyze the data. Results: identified two positive invariant coping paths for believers, one through WTELS and the other through spirituality. A similar positive path of WTELS, but not spirituality, was found in the non-believers. Conclusion: While believers and non-believers utilize their WTELS pathway to cope with adversities, the believers utilize the additional pathway of spirituality. The nonbelievers still utilize self-transcendence strategies of non-theistic or secular spirituality. The results have conceptual and clinical implications for developing differential prevention and intervention strategies.