The aim of this research was to determine the concentrations of cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic and the essential elements iron and selenium in the tissues (muscle, kidney, liver, spleen, and fat) of fallow deer (Dama dama L.) without and with supplemental selenium addition. Another aim was to determine the effect of selenium addition on the indicators of oxidative stress, namely, the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and vitamin E. The research was carried out with 40 fallow deer during two research periods. Supplemental feed without selenium addition was provided during the first research period, and supplemental feed with added selenium (3 mg/kg) was provided for 60 days during the second research period. The concentration of selenium in tissues was higher in the second research period than in the first research period (in kidney tissue, 0.957 vs. 0.688 mg/kg, P < 0.05). The dietary addition of selenium decreased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of some heavy metals (lead in the spleen = 0.06 vs. 0.27 mg/kg and in the fatty tissue = 0.17 vs. 0.69 mg/kg; arsenic in the muscle tissue = 0.005 vs. 0.014 mg/kg, liver = 0.003 vs. 0.009 mg/kg, spleen = 0.004 vs. 0.013 mg/kg, and fat = 0.008 vs. 0.016 mg/kg). The activity of glutathione peroxidase was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the second research period than in the first research period (1375.36 vs. 933.23 U/L).
U radu su opisani različiti čimbenici koji utječu na kvalitetu i okus mesa divljači. Meso divljači alternativa je tradicionalnom crvenom mesu. Današnji potrošači sve više paze na kvalitetu i zdravstvenu ispravnost proizvoda. Od mesa na tržištu očekuje se povoljna nutritivna vrijednost, svježina, sočnost i dobar okus. Aroma je vrlo važan pokazatelj koji doprinosi senzornoj kvaliteti mesa i mesnih proizvoda. Vrlo je malo istraživanja dostupno o čimbenicima koji utječu na okus mesa divljači, stoga je cilj ovoga pregleda literature raspraviti o ključnim čimbenicima koji utječu na okus mesa divljači.
Linseed is well known for abundant content of α-linolenic acid why it has been widely used as a source of n-3 fatty acid. Higher ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids can increase lipid peroxidation. Selenium (Se) plays a key role in antioxidant enzymes and can therefore be regarded for use in attempts focused on protection of fatty acids from oxidation. The organic Se has been shown to have higher bioavailability compared to the inorganic selenium. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of dietary replacement of n-6 with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on plasma and milk fatty acid composition in the dairy cows. The experiment was conducted on 30 dairy Holstein cows in the period from parturition until the 3 rd week of lactation. Soybean meal from control (C) group was replaced with grounded linseed in the both experimental (LS and LS+Se) groups. In addition to that, in the 2 nd experimental (LS+Se) group sodium selenite from premix was replaced with organic selenium. Blood and milk samples were collected at 21 st day of lactation and fatty acids were determined using gas chromatography from it. Feeding dairy cows during transition period with linseed showed a positive impact on milk fatty acid composition by increasing (P<0.05) the proportion of n-3 fatty acids. Proportion of α-linolenic fatty acid increased (P<0.05) in the blood of both groups fed with linseed, but was significant (P<0.05) only in milk of LS+Se group. Such data indicated that the addition of organic selenium acted favourable on α-linolenic fatty acid increase in milk. During early postpartum period addition of linseed in meal of dairy cow's increased (P<0.05) ratio of oleic acid, but in combination with organic source of selenium this increase was not evident (P>0.05).
Elements such as Pb, Cd, Hg, and As, are an integral part of the biosphere, they do not decompose but circulating in nature in different oxidation and chemical forms. Human activity increases the naturally occurring levels of these elements in the environment. Wild animals that live in natural ecosystems are particularly exposed to the various environmental factors. The environment is the main factor that determines health status and population of wildlife. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As and Hg) and essential elements (Fe and Se) in the soil and plant communities of the forests (litter and ground flora) in habitat conditions for two years. In the state open hunting area ˝KRNDIJA II˝ XIV/23 was taken 14 samples of soil and samples of litter and ground flora from four areas of hunting grounds. We performed a chemical analysis of the soil and analysis of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As, Hg) and essential elements (Fe, Se) in samples of soil, litter and ground flora. It was found that the area of research is characterized by acid soils that are medium humus to humus, poor in potassium and phosphorus and medium provided with iron and deficient with selenium. The determined concentrations of heavy metals in soil were lower than the maximum permissible concentrations. Increased concentrations of cadmium and lower concentrations of iron and selenium from the desired concentration was determined in samples of litter and ground flora.
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