Skeletal muscle has multiple functions and is a key component of the locomotor system. It consists of carbohydrates and amino acids for different tissues such as skin, heart and brain. It contributes to the maintenance of blood glucose levels during periods of starvation. Skeletal muscle health is particularly important for the prevention of various diseases. This review discusses various aspects of skeletal muscle tissue including its development, structure, function and morphology, including the guidelines for histology methods. We have also discussed, sarcopenia, age-related muscle diseases and exercise. We hope this review will benefit readers of a clinical and non-clinical background.
SUMMARYA 22-year-old lady presented to the emergency department with dyspnoea and pleuritic chest pain. Life-threatening asthma, pulmonary embolus and pneumothorax were all excluded. However, investigations did show an unexplained hypophosphataemia and raised lactate, both of which were subsequently attributed to hyperventilation with a component of panic. Here we explore the mechanism of these findings and the management of hypophosphataemia.
BACKGROUND
SUMMARYMycotic aneurysms are a well-recognised complication of infective endocarditis. In contrast to many sequelae of endocarditis, they can present late in the course of the disease, despite adequate treatment. We discuss the case of an 82-year-old patient who was successfully treated for Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis, but presented late with a hypotensive collapse. CT imaging demonstrated a ruptured mycotic aneurysm. He underwent laparotomy, but the decision was made to treat conservatively to protect the vascular supply to the bowel. The patient subsequently made a full recovery.
BACKGROUND
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