Background. The imbalance in many scientific sources is described as a major disorder in patients with a history of stroke. Often, the importance or disruption of torso control is also indicated on balance impairments. We believe that both physiotherapy programs will have impact on balance however better results on balance tests will be in group which balance training composed of unstable planes. Research aim was to measure impact of various physiotherapy programs on static and dynamic balance for patients after stroke. Methods. To evaluate changes of static and dynamic balance we used: Berg balance test, Tinetti test, PASS test, dynamic gait index, trunk impairment scale, special STREAM movements test for patients after stroke, Mini balance evaluation test for patients after stroke. Training methods of balance were for two different physiotherapy programs: intervention group (basic physiotherapy program with exercises on unstable planes) and control group (basic physiotherapy program with gait training elements). Results. When evaluating balance, results in both groups were almost equal, which shows that balance was disturbed and there was a huge risk of falls, moreover all patients walked with aid measures. At the beginning of rehabilitation, the average of all balance evaluating tests in both groups scored 16.92 and 15.05. All results were statistically significant (p < .05). At the end of research, variations between all test results were defined statistically significant. Repeatedly evaluating results of both groups at the end of rehabilitation, all test averages were improved: at the beginning, the intervention group average score was 16.92 and after rehabilitation, it was 34.79. For control group results, the average score of all tests was 15.05 and at the end it was 31.90. Summing up, it was established that in both groups balance in rehabilitation period improved. Conclusions. Physiotherapy programs based on exercises on unstable planes or gait training elements improve balance for patients after stroke. Many studies have confirmed the hypothesis of our study that using unstable planes or walking training methods improve balance, but for a statistically significant change in improving the balance, it will be necessary to use unstable planes.
Tyrimo pagrindimas. Viena iš apatinės nugaros dalies skausmo priežasčių yra liemens raumenų silpnumas bei sutrikusi giliųjų liemens raumenų kontrolė. Norint išlaikyti juosmeninės stuburo dalies ir dubens stabilumą bei išvengti skausmo arba funkcijos sutrikimo, svarbu aktyvuoti dauginį, skersinį pilvo, vidinius įstrižinius ir didįjį sėdmens raumenis (Kim, Yim, 2020). Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti stuburo stabilizavimo pratimų programos ir stuburo stabilizavimo kartu su klubo sąnario mobilumą didinančiais pratimais programos poveikį skausmui bei funkcinei būklei asmenims su lėtiniu nespecifiniu apatinės nugaros dalies skausmu. Metodai. Tyrime dalyvavo 20 pacientų, kurie skundėsi lėtiniu nespecifiniu apatinės nugaros dalies skausmu, jie atsitiktiniu būdu buvo suskirstyti į dvi grupes. Pirmos grupės tiriamųjų amžius buvo 24,90 ± 3,70 metų, antros – 30,00 ± 4,30 metų. Užsiėmimai vyko tris kartus per savaitę, šešias savaites. Buvo vertinami skausmo, funkcinės būklės ir negalios, stuburo juosmeninės dalies paslankumo, šlaunies judesių amplitudės, pilvo raumenų statinės ištvermės pokyčiai. Rezultatai. Po tyrimo skausmas sumažėjo abiejose grupėse (p < 0,05). Juosmeninės stuburo dalies paslankumas abiejose grupėse pagerėjo (p < 0,05). Šlaunies lenkimo, tiesimo, atitraukimo ir pritraukimo judesių amplitudės pirmoje grupėje padidėjo (p < 0,05); antroje grupėje statistiškai reikšmingai nepakito. Funkcinė būklė pagerėjo abiejose grupėse (p < 0,05). Pilvo raumenų ištvermė pagerėjo abiejose grupėse (p < 0,05). Po tyrimo, statistiškai reikšmingo vertintų rodiklių skirtumo tarp grupių nebuvo. Išvados. Taikant tiek stuburo stabilizavimo pratimus, tiek stuburo stabilizavimo pratimus kartu su klubo sąnario mobilumą didinančiais pratimais, sumažėjo nugaros skausmas, pagerėjo juosmeninės nugaros dalies stabilumas, padidėjo šlaunies judesių amplitudė, tarp programų poveikio reikšmingo skirtumo nebuvo. Raktažodžiai: stuburo stabilizavimo pratimai, klubo sąnario mobilumą didinantys pratimai, apatinės nugaros dalies skausmas.
Research background and hypothesis. Probability learning theory suggests that repeating the same movements many times we learn the way the movement is performed with some degree of probability. We suppose that persons with multiple sclerosis learn speed and accuracy movements slower than healthy persons.Research aim was to establish and compare the learning peculiarities of speed and accuracy movements for healthy persons and persons with multiple sclerosis performing a task – five sets of 20 repetitions. Research methods. The sample of the research included 12 healthy persons and 10 persons with multiple sclerosis. The study was conducted using Dynamic Parameter Analyzer DPA-1 for arm and leg movements. Research results showed that multiple sclerosis had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the average speed of movement (Va), maximal speed of movement (Vm), time to maximal speed (TVm), and time to target (Tv). Discussion and conclusions. Learning effect occurred in the course of the whole task, and it was the same for both persons with multiple sclerosis and healthy persons. Research results showed that learning dynamics was almost the same for persons with multiple sclerosis and healthy persons, but the indices of MS persons were worse, i. e. they performed movements slower and with greater variability compared to healthy persons.
Research background and hypothesis. Parkinson’s disease is a relevant health problem in the way that the disease limits human movement to a great extent as well as degrades the quality of life and overall communication capabilities. We believe that by accelerating the pace of individual workouts on the treadmill in the gym, better results will be achieved than using individual physical therapy at home.Research aim was to determine the effectiveness of various physical therapy programs on the quality of life, balance and kinematics of speed and accuracy movements of the hand in patients with Parkinson’s disease.Research methods. First group (n = 12) had individual physical therapy in the weightlifting gym. The second group (n = 12) had individual physical therapy at home. For the assessment of the quality of life, we selected the questionnaire PDQ-39 (Parkinson’s Disease Questionaire-39), and the subjects filled it in independently. For the assessment of static and dynamic balance, Berg Balance Scale and balance confidence scale were applied. Walking speed was assessed by using the “Up and go” test. The original device developed by Lithuanian Sports University researchers and Ltd. Katra specialists - the dynamic parameter analyser of human arm and leg movements DPA-1 – was used to evaluate the characteristics of the kinematics of the dominant arm movement.Research results. It was found that after 16 physiotherapy procedures, the quality of life statistically significantly improved in all eight areas (p < 0.05) in both groups under investigation. Mean Berg Balance Scale values after 16 physiotherapy procedures statistically significantly increased (p < 0.05) in Group I and Group II. A statistically significant improvement in balance (p < 0.05) was found in both groups. There was a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the test performance average time values of “Up and go” test in both groups. A statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) was established in the mean values of the six-minute walk distance. Kinematics of speed and accuracy movements statistically significantly increased (p < 0.05) in both groups.Discussion and conclusions. Both physical therapy programmes were effective in improving the quality of life, balance and kinematics of speed and accuracy movements of the hand in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Individual physical therapy programme at home was less effective, while acceleration of the pace of individual workouts on the treadmill in the gym had a greater impact.
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