The effects of liming and inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith on the uptake of phosphate (P) by maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) and on depletion of inorganic phosphate fiactions in rhizosphere soil (AI-R Fe-R and Ca-P) were studied in flat plastic containers using two acid soils, an Oxisol and an Ultisol, from Indonesia. The bulk soil pH was adjusted in both soils to 4.7, 5.6, and 6.4 by liming with different amounts of CaCO3.In both soils, liming increased shoot dry weight, total root length, and mycorrhizal colonization of roots in the two plant species. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased root dry weight in some cases, but much more markedly increased shoot dry weight and P concentration in shoot and roots, and also the calculated P uptake per unit root length. In the rhizosphere soil of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants, the depletion of AI-R Fe-E and Ca-P depended in some cases on the soil pH. At all pH levels, the extent of P depletion in the rhizosphere soil was greater in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal plants. Despite these quantitative differences in exploitation of soil R mycorrhizal roots used the same inorganic P sources as non-mycorrhizal roots. These results do not suggest that mycorrhizal roots have specific properties for P solubilization. Rather, the efficient P uptake from soil solution by the roots determines the effectiveness of the use of the different soil P sources. The results indicate also that both liming and mycorrhizal colonization are important for enhancing P uptake and plant growth in tropical acid soils.
Gold mine tailing in Buru island, Maluku Province, Indonesia contains high level of mercury but low in carbon and plant nutrients. Revegetation in such condition needs certain soil treatment which is suitable for plant growth. The objective of pot trials was to study the effect of indigenous Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Azotobacter and organic matter on bacterial survival as well as growth of groundnut grown in mine tailing. The experimental design was a Split Plot Design which tested three types of Azotobacter liquid inoculant and three soil total organic carbon (TOC) contents. Results showed that Azotobacter inoculation increased Azotobacter population in tailing at the end of vegetative growth of groundnut. Total nitrogen content in soil decreased when TOC level increased. However, nitrogen uptake and growth of groundnut did not change after Azotobacter inoculation or manure amendment. These experiments provided information that Azotobacter inoculation on groundnut maintain its proliferation in Hg-contaminated mine tailing.
The volcanic ash can not be used as crop growth media directly due to lack of physical characteristics and low rate of plant's nutrient. With addition of other components (elements) such as organic matter and mineral soil, this mixed media expected to empower the volcanic ash used as growth media for crops. To realize this idea, a research was done with maize as a crop indicator. This study was conducted to find out the combination effects of Merapi volcanic ash, cow manure and mineral soil on organic carbon, total N, organic matter and growth of maize (Zea mays L.). During April to July 2011, in the pot under the glass house at Faculty of Agricultural Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor-West Java at about 740 m above sea level. The experiment used a randomized block design which arranged in one factor, nine treatments and three replications. The nine treatments consisted of: 0% volcanic ash + 50% cow manure + 50% mineral soil (I), 40% volcanic ash + 10% cow manure + 50% mineral soil (II), 30% volcanic ash + 20% cow manure + 50 mineral soil (III), 20% volcanic ash + 30% cow manure + 50% mineral soil (IV), 10% volcanic ash + 40% cow manure + 50% mineral soil (V), 40% volcanic ash + 50% cow manure + 10% mineral soil (VI), 30% volcanic ash + 50% cow manure + 20% mineral soil (VII), 20% volcanic ash + 50% cow manure + 30% mineral soil (VIII), and 10% volcanic ash + 50% cow manure + 40% mineral soil (IX). The data were analyzed by using Anova Test and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The result showed that there were significant effects of mixed media (volcanic ash, cow manure and mineral soil) on organic carbon, total N, organic matter and plant growth of maize. The highest organic carbon (4.6%) and organic matter (8.08%) was found in combination (treatment VII): 30% volcanic ash, 50% cow manure and 20% mineral soils. Combination in treatment IX: combination of 10% ash volcano, 40% cow manure and 50% mineral soil gave a significant scored on total N.
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