Background:Recently, emulgel has emerged as a potential hydrophobic drug delivery method. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the phytochemical content of Oryza sativa extract and develop an emulgel formulation using Carbapol 940 as a gelling agent. Materials and Methods: The emulsion was placed in a gel basis after preparation and the formulations were evaluated for their rheology, pH, spreading coefficient, stability, and sun protection factor. Then, phytochemical analysis of O. sativa extract was used to determine the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, quinones, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids, as well as triterpenoids and steroids. Results: The entire formulations of O. sativa emulgel extract filled the emulgel formulation criteria. Furthermore, O. sativa emulgel protects against UV radiation, as indicated by the SPF value in each formulation, which increases as the dose of O. sativa extract increases. Based on the results, formulations 2 and 3 have an SPF of 5.71±0.063 and 16.07±0.072, respectively. These suggest that they both fill the Indonesian National Standard, which requires a sunscreen preparation with a minimum of four protection. Conclusion: Consequently, O. sativa emulgel extract can serve as a novel sunscreen agent against UV radiation. However, further study is required to ascertain the mechanism of action of the active chemicals found in O. sativa that function as an antioxidant and give protection against UV radiation.
Objective: Antioxidants are compounds that can inhibit free radical reactivity. They become very interesting to be observed because they can prevent some diseases such as goat arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and macular degeneration. Since Indonesia is rich for its biodiversity, there are a lot of plants that have potential to be developed as new alternative antioxidants. The aim of this research was to evaluate antioxidant activity from 10 species of Myrtaceae (Syzygium cumini, Syzygium samarangense, Syzygium aqueum, Syzygium aromaticum, Syzygium polyanthum, Syzygium jambos, Syzygium malaccense, Psidium guajava, Eucalyptus deglupta, and Melaleuca leucadendra). Methods:Continuous extraction with Soxhlet apparatus was selected as extraction method. Three solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) with different polarity were used in this process. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was used to evaluate antioxidant activity with ascorbic acid as a standard drug.Results: Based on the experiments, methanol extracts showed higher activity than other extracts with their inhibitory concentration 50% (IC 50 ) was below than 25 µg/ml. The lowest IC 50 was exhibited by methanol extract of S. jambos, which was 7.8 µg/ml. Conclusion:It can be concluded that S. jambos is potential to be developed as a new alternative antioxidant.
Blackberry (Rubus sp.) fruit contains high levels of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds, mainly flavonols and ellagitannins, which contribute to its high antioxidant capacity and other biological activities. Sunscreen preparations are cosmetic preparations that are used as protection to reduce the impact of sun exposure, whose formulations contain active ingredients to absorb or reduce sunlight, especially in areas exposed to ultraviolet rays and infrared waves. One of the potential natural ingredients for sunscreen is blackberry fruit (Rubus sp.). Contains flavonoid compounds that can prevent the harmful effects of UV rays. This study aims to determine the stability of the blackberry fruit extract sunscreen gel formula for 90 days of storage to determine the SPF value test results of blackberry fruit extract using UV-Visible. The research design is an experimental research conducted in a laboratory. The sample used in this study was Blackberry which was made into thick extract by maceration method. Furthermore, the thick extract obtained was made into a sunscreen gel and then tested for physical stability and the calculation of the SPF value. The sunscreen potency test is determined based on the method of calculating the percent erythema transmission value (%Te) and the percent transmission pigmentation (%Tp) as well as the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value. On testing the SPF the average value on the test day 0, day 7, day 15, day 21, day 30, day 60, day 90, respectively 28,03±0,77; 28,28±0,16; 28,46±0,41; 28,66±0,59; 28,85±0,33; 29,04±0,11; 29.24±0,27. Percent of erythema (% Te) testing over 90 days was included in the total block category. Percent pigmentation (% Tp) testing for 90 days was included in the total block category and the SPF test for 90 days was included in the category ultra.
<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>Buah <em>Blackberry</em> (<em>Rubus fruticosus</em>) merupakan buah yang mengandung senyawa fenolik dan antosianin yang tinggi yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan. Aktivitas antioksidan berkaitan dengan aktivitas fotoprotektif sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan dalam bentuk sediaan tabir surya seperti sediaan gel. Maka dilakukan penelitian untuk mengembangkan ekstrak <em>blackberry</em> menjadi gel tabir surya. Penelitian diawali dengan tahapan formulasi gel dengan menggunakan ekstrak <em>blackberry</em> sebagai zat aktif dengan variasi 5 konsentrasi masing-masing 0,25%; 0,5%; 0,75%; 1%; dan 1,25%. Zat tambahan yang digunakan adalah karbopol (<em>gelling agent</em>) 0,5%, gliserin (<em>humectant</em>) 10%, trietanolamin (<em>neutralizing agent</em>) secukupnya, nipagin (<em>preservative</em>) 0,18%, nipasol (<em>preservative</em>) 0,02% dan <em>aquadest </em>(<em>solvent</em>). Hasil formulasi gel ekstrak buah <em>blackberry</em> dilakukan uji kualitas sediaan meliputi uji organoleptis, pH, uji viskositas, dan daya sebar. Aktivitas tabir surya ditentukan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri uv-visibel berdasarkan serapan pada panjang gelombang yang dapat menimbulkan eritema dan pigmentasi yaitu 292,5 nm – 372,5 nm. Parameter yang digunakan berdasarkan persen transmisi eritema (%Te) ,persen Transmisi pigmentasi (%Tp) dan nilai <em>sun protecting factor</em> (SPF) terhadap 5 formulasi gel. Hasil formulasi sediaan gel menunjukkan kualitas yang baik untuk empat formula (I-IV) sedangkan formula V menunjukan nilai viskositas yang kurang baik. Sedangkan hasil dari aktivitas tabir surya formula IV dan V memiliki aktivitas tabir surya tertinggi dengan nilai SPF kategori ultra dan nilai persen transmisi eritema (%Te) dan persen transmisi pigmentasi kategori <em>total block</em> atau <em>sunblock</em>. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa formula IV (ekstrak 1%) merupakan formula terbaik dengan kualitas sediaan dan aktivitas tabir surya terbaik dengan nilai SPF 31,2 termasuk kategori ultra sedangkan persen eritema (%Te) 0,24% dan persen pigmentasi (%Tp) 0,35% termasuk kategori <em>sunblock.</em></p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci </strong>: Buah <em>Blackberry</em>, Gel Tabir Surya , Spektrofotometri UV-Visibel.</p><p> </p><p align="center"> </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) is a fruit that contains high phenolic and anthocyanin compounds that have antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity is related to a photoprotective activity so that it can be utilized in the form of sunscreen preparations such as gel preparations. Then researched to develop blackberry extract into a sunscreen gel. The study began with the stages of gel formulation using blackberry extract as an active substance with a variation of 5 concentrations of 0.25% each; 0.5%; 0.75%; 1%; and 1.25%. Additional substances used are carbopol (gelling agent) 0.5%, glycerin (humectant) 10%, triethanolamine (neutralizing agent) to taste, nipagin (preservative) 0.18%, nipasol (preservative) 0.02% and aquadest (solvent) ). The results of the formulation of blackberry extract gel were carried out the quality test of the preparations including organoleptic test, pH, viscosity test, and spreadability. Sunscreen activity is determined using the uv-visible spectrophotometry method based on absorption at wavelengths that can cause erythema and pigmentation of 292.5 nm - 372.5 nm. The parameters used are based on percent erythema transmission (% Te), percent transmission of pigmentation (% Tp), and the value of sun protecting factor (SPF) on 5 gel formulations. The results of gel formulations showed good quality for four formulas (I-IV) while formula V showed poor viscosity values. While the results of the sunscreen activity of formula IV and V have the highest sunscreen activity with the SPF value of the ultra category and the percentage value of erythema transmission (% Te) and the percentage of pigmentation transmission in the total block or sunblock category. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that formula IV (extract 1%) is the best formula with the best quality preparations and sunscreen activity with an SPF value of 31.2 including the ultra category while the percent of erythema (% Te) is 0.24% and percent pigmentation (% Tp ) 0.35% included in the sunblock category.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Blackberry Fruit, </em><em>Sunscreen Gel, Spectrophotometry UV-Visible<strong></strong></em></p>
ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian karakterisasi dan telaah fitokimia simplisia buah kawista (Limonia acidissima) khas Karawang. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa simplisia buah kawista mengandung senyawa polifenolat, alkaloid, kuinon, steroid, triterpenoid, monoterpenoid, triterpenoid dan flavonoid. Hasil penetapan standar mutu simplisia menunjukkan bahwa serbuk simplisia memiliki kadar air (5,200%), susut pengeringan (8,958%), kadar abu total (11,918%), kadar abu tidak larut asam (0,708%), kadar sari larut air (20,810%) dan kadar sari larut etanol (12,241%). Kata Kunci : karakterisasi, penapisan fitokimia, buah kawista.
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