The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between psychological capital (PsyCap) and academic burnout in medical students in Iran.The relationship between PsyCap and academic burnout is not, however, clearly investigated in the clinical education.This analytical study was conducted on 172 medical students of a major medical university in Iran, selected through randomized stratified sampling. A demographic section together with PCQ-24 and Academic Burnout Inventory were used for data collection. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software.Mean academic burnout and PsyCap values were 45.79 and 95.70, respectively. A negative significant correlation were observed between them (r = 0.963, p < 0.001). Stepwise linear regression suggested the predictability of PsyCap by the components of academic burnout (p < 0.001).The results suggested a relationship between students' academic burnout and their PsyCap; in other words, their academic burnout can be controlled by enhancing their PsyCap. This will bear implications for educationists. Key words: psychological capital, academic burnout, clinical majors, Iran O r i g i n a l a r t i c l e 312Acta facultatis medicae Naissensis 2017;34(4): 311-319 I NT ROD U CT I ONAmong the missions of academic institutions, particularly those training medical and paramedical workforce, preparation of healthy, efficient and responsible graduates for future occupational undertakings stands out. Fulfilling these occupational expectations is their personal and social preparation, which may all start from the academic life as a university student (1). Exhaustion, cynicism and academic inefficiency are among factors impeding academic training and effective preparation of competent practitioners. The medical community currently requires empowerment of novice practitioners by enhancing their psychological assets throughout their education. Scholars believe in academic burnout, which is defined as lack of interest, low motivation, and exhaustion (2). Traditionally, burnout is also considered as a syndrome comprising three components: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment (3); other definitions characterize it as the exhaustion due to educational requirements, undesirable feelings, lowered interest in fulfilling one's tasks and a feeling of inefficiency (4). There is evidence that students suffering from burnout show the symptoms of lowered interest in studies, continuous lack of concentration on classroom assignments, minimized classroom participation, incapability in acquiring the intended knowledge and a feeling of deconceptualized learning (5).Academic burnout is generally considered to be the main cause of an array of behaviors such as unwillingness to do educational tasks; it is also likely to influence the relationship between teachers and students; therefore, the resultant discouragement from educational settings may predispose the victim to express incivility in due course (6), which is expected and predictable in case...

SU M M A RYTopical anesthetic eye drops are used extensively for ophthalmic examinations but selftreatment and non-technical removal of foreign bodies using tetracaine drops can be hazardous. The present study intended to determine the inadmissible uses of anesthetic tetracaine eye drops, manner of drug obtaining and likelihood of the ocular complications in the patients.This cross-sectional study was conducted on 162 patients with ocular pain and foreign body sensation, red eye or lid edema admitted to the Eye clinic in Sabzevar, Iran. Variables included age, sex, chief compliant, job, site of foreign bodies, diagnosis of problem, use of tetracaine drops, drug provision, times patients referred to the eye clinic, and kinds of treatment.The most common chief complaint for admission to the Eye clinic was lacrimation (55.6%), followed by ocular pain, and foreign body sensation (35.8%). Some patients (30.9%) (mostly welders) inadmissibly used topical tetracaine eye drops; 21.6% of cases obtained tetracaine eye drops from drugstores without doctor's prescription, and only 3.7% provided drugs by prescription. Corneal site (81.5%) was the most common location of foreign body; metallic foreign body (63%) was the most common. One patient was admitted in hospital for management.Topical inadmissible tetracaine (0.5%) is commonly used by welders, who obtain it from drugstores without prescriptions due to its simple usage and short acting pain relief. Supervision is required over drugstores for denying it if demanded without a prescription. Enhancing clients' awareness is also suggested.

Summary Nurses among other medical professions are expected and need to communicate in English. The present study will report the views of nurses and students of nursing on the efficacy of English programs at Iranian medical universities in three major areas: general usage, medical usage, and research usage. This descriptive study included 130 students of nursing and 167 nurses selected through randomized clustering sampling. It was conducted in Sabzevar, Iran. They were asked to fill out a questionnaire including demographic information and 31 Likert questions on the effectiveness of ELT programs in medical universities. The participants judged the efficacy of EFL instruction in the General English section to be 25.7306±8.29288 (out of 50), the Medical English to be 21.1434± 7.40024 (out of 45), and the Research usage to be 24.6496±11.56735 (out of 60), showing a wide gap. However, the effectiveness of the current ELT programs was not so differently judged by male and female participants. Males considered the Research usage to be more affected by the current programs but females did not think so; however, the difference of views was not statistically significant (P=0.019). In general, the results indicated a wide gap between the judgment of nurses and students of nursing about the efficacy of the ELT programs in Iranian medical universities. Therefore, a change is needed to cater for the expectations from the nursing job as far as the English language is concerned as a means of communication in the world today.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Background: Ethical sensitivity refers to knowledge and practice of ethical issues in a contradictory situation highlighted with self-awareness of one’s role and duty in those particular situations. According to ethics of care, the caregiver is committed to continuous learning and practicing the right options. The present study aimed to compare the moral sensitivity of midwifery and nursing students with that of nurses and midwives in Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Materials and methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, participants were nursing students (n=60), midwifery students (n=50), nurses (n=100) and midwives (n=38), who were selected by convenience sampling. A validated Persian version of Han’s (2010) Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (0-100) was used for data collection (α=0.97). Descriptive and analytic statistics were applied for data analysis. Results: The participants’ mean scores of ethical sensitivity were as follows: midwifery students (90.82±1.47), nursing students (93.06±1.12), midwives (89.76±1.21), and nurses (89.67±1.47). Based on four regression models, significant differences were observed (level of confidence: 95%): midwifery students' mean moral sensitivity score was 6.16 less than that of nursing students; midwifery students' mean score was 4.58 higher than that of midwives; midwives’ mean score was 1.83 less than that of nurses; and nurses’ mean score was 3.01 less than that of nursing students. Conclusion: The participants' moral sensitivity can be conceived as desirable. The significance of differences may be accounted for by factors such as their role and specialty. Taking measures to sustain and strengthen the moral sensitivity in all medical and healthcare groups are recommended.