Old-growth forests represent a very valuable field for research of natural processes. The application of remote sensing was carried out on two old-growth forests in the northwestern part of the Republic of Srpska. The sample plots from OG Janj show relatively higher mean values (NDVI, SAVI and EVI) compared to OG Lom, with the exception of the VARI. Karstified terrain and poor delay of snags in the top-layer of stand due to the impact of weather disasters and the tendency of OG Janj toward the terminal phase of old-growth forest development are potential reasons for the higher mean value of the VARI index.
Analysis of the consumption of wood energy from wood-based fuels in households in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was the main purpose of this paper. A survey on wood fuel consumption was first conducted using the Wood fuel Integrated Supply/Demand Overview Mapping (WISDOM) methodology of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN). These results were compared to the results published by official statistics. The survey was conducted in ten cantons in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, namely in 5,475 households, 2,669 urban and 2,806 other households. The results of the research showed that wood fuels were used in 516,334 or 71.59% of the total number of households. Firewood was used in 497,139 households or in 96.28% in relation to the total number of households in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina that used wood fuels. The surrounding countries showed similar trends. The estimated consumption of firewood in households using the WISDOM methodology is 4.10 (when compared to the official statistical data on total felled timber in and outside public and private forests) to 4.93 times higher than the official statistical data (when compared to the official statistical data on the sale of firewood in state forests), i.e. 4.52 times higher in average. This research indicates the need to apply a new methodological approach for the collection and analysis of data on the consumption of wood fuels in households for energy purposes. Some of the shortcomings of the existing official statistics are the neglect of statistically unregistered production of firewood from private forests and from areas not categorized as forests and forest land, as well as incomplete coverage in terms of conducting a survey on consumption of all categories of wood fuels and all major consumer categories. All the aforementioned, in addition to the economic consequences, has a negative impact on the fulfilment of commitments arising from international agreements in terms of the share of energy from renewable sources and greenhouse gas emissions in total energy consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, incomplete knowledge of the realistic supply and consumption of wood fuels can affect the reliability of planning documents in forestry, with many negative consequences for sustainability of a complex forest ecosystem.
U radu je predstavlјeno istraživanje koje se odnosi na primjenu i unapređenje Modela za utvrđivanje ekonomske vrijednosti miniranih područja, sa konkretnom primjenom na područje kojim gazduje ŠG „Vrbanjaˮ Kotor Varoš. Kao osnova istraživanja identifikovan je problem ograničenog broja istraživanja koja se odnose na modele na osnovu kojih se, po jasno definisanoj proceduri, može izvršiti ekonomska analiza i valorizacija potencijala šumsko-privrednih područja koja se trenutno ne koriste zbog miniranosti. U radu je ukazano prvenstveno na ekonomski aspekt problematike miniranih šumskih područja, na osnovu čega je analiziran Model za utvrđivanje ekonomske vrijednosti miniranih šumskih područja. Primjena Modela uklјučuje šest osnovnih koraka: anketiranje, utvrđivanje površina miniranih šuma, procjenu obima sječa (etata), procjenu sortimentne strukture, računanje vrijednosti miniranih šuma sa završnim provođenjem analize osjetlјivosti. Primjena Modela na područje kojim gazduje ŠG „Vrbanjaˮ Kotor Varoš ukazuje na to da se u jednom uređajnom periodu može ostvariti dobit prije oporezivanja od preko 3,6 miliona KM. Kreirana metodologija može biti široko primijenjena i u drugim šumskoprivrednim područjima i poslovnim sistemima, uz određeno prilagođavanje specifičnim uslovima. Prijedlozima navedenim u ovom radu kvalitet dobijenih podataka može biti dodatno unaprijeđen.
The paper presents the results of a research on wood fuels used for heating in households in the Republic of Srpska (RS). The main objective of this research was to determine the real consumption of wood fuels in households in the Republic of Srpska using the internationally recognized WISDOM methodology, as well as to compare the obtained results with the official statistical data. In order to conduct the research and obtain a relevant sample, the Republic of Srpska was divided into six mesoregions. The research was conducted in 3,149 households, namely 1,380 urban and 1,769 other households. The results indicated that firewood and other wood fuels were used in 334,761 households. Analyzing the differences between the results obtained using the WISDOM methodology and the official statistical data for the Republic of Srpska, it can be concluded that the consumption of firewood was on average 3.41 times higher compared to the official statistical data. Results of similar research projects implemented in the surrounding countries showed similar trends. The paper suggests the necessity of adopting a new approach and comprehensive research in surveys conducted by official institutions.
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