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We deal with the thermodynamic properties of the Bardeen regular black hole with reference to their respective horizons. It is argued here that the expression of the heat capacity at horizons is positive in one parameter region and negative in the other, and between them the heat capacity diverges where the black hole undergoes the second-order phase transition.

Leukemia is the rapid production of abnormal white blood cells that consequently affects the blood and damages the bone marrow. The overproduction of abnormal and immature white blood cells leads to the damage of the immune system due to the reduced production of red blood cells and platelets by the bone marrow of the body. This hematological malignancy is generally diagnosed by manual methods such as complete blood count (CBC), bone marrow aspiration, or microscopic examination of the blood smear. Nevertheless, the manual methods of leukemia diagnosis are economical but are found to be less reliable, time-consuming, and hectic. Technological advancement in the medical field has effectively addressed these issues in the past. The problems in the manual diagnosis of leukemia detection have been overcome by the development of automated methods using the computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems for efficient and reliable leukemia diagnosis. Since the last decade, multiple approaches have been proposed for the CAD systems regarding pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, feature selection, and for the improvement of the classification accuracy of the CAD system for the leukemia detection. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the CAD systems for the detection of the various types of leukemia. The review presented here entails the details of various CAD systems for the automated diagnosis of various types of leukemia and analyses their methodologies in terms of their efficiency in pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction and selection, and overall classification accuracy of the CAD system.INDEX TERMS Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), computer-aided diagnostic (CAD), Leukemia.

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In this era, deep learning-based medical image analysis has become a reliable source in assisting medical practitioners for various retinal disease diagnosis like hypertension, diabetic retinopathy (DR), arteriosclerosis glaucoma, and macular edema etc. Among these retinal diseases, DR can lead to vision detachment in diabetic patients which cause swelling of these retinal blood vessels or even can create new vessels. This creation or the new vessels and swelling can be analyzed as biomarker for screening and analysis of DR. Deep learning-based semantic segmentation of these vessels can be an effective tool to detect changes in retinal vasculature for diagnostic purposes. This segmentation task becomes challenging because of the low-quality retinal images with different image acquisition conditions, and intensity variations. Existing retinal blood vessels segmentation methods require a large number of trainable parameters for training of their networks. This paper introduces a novel Dense Aggregation Vessel Segmentation Network (DAVS-Net), which can achieve high segmentation performance with only a few trainable parameters. For faster convergence, this network uses an encoder-decoder framework in which edge information is transferred from the first layers of the encoder to the last layer of the decoder. Performance of the proposed network is evaluated on publicly available retinal blood vessels datasets of DRIVE, CHASE_DB1, and STARE. Proposed method achieved state-of-the-art segmentation accuracy using a few number of trainable parameters.

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