The purpose: Psychophysiological an estimation of efficiency of adaptation of persons with a acute radiation sickness and local radiation injuries, victims at liquidation of failure on Chernobyl power station. The Material and methods: It is lead psychophysiological inspection (MMRI,Cattle test, Raven test, USK,sensomotoric reactions). To 73 patients, from them 10 acute radiation sickness I-IV degrees of weight and 63 participants of liquidation of failure on ChNPP (liquidators) -the personnel of the Chernobyl atomic power station and the enterprises of the Ministry of an atomic energy of the USSR. Results: the Structure of the person at patients acute radiation sickness had asthenic type and alarms (80,0 %), rigidity behaviour (60,0 %), psichoasthenic tendencies (60,0 %), an originality of thinking (50 %), inverted behaviour (60,0 %), propensity to draw attention to available symptoms and problems (60,0 %) have been caused by decrease in efficiency psychophysiological adaptations at 80 % of patients in the form of concern a state of health. The structure of the person at liquidators of failure on ChNPP had asthenico-neurotic type and has been caused by concern a state of health (68,3 %), alarm (53,3 %), demonstrate behaviour (58,3 %), originality of thinking (60,0 %) and extraverted behaviour (86,7 %). Conclusions: the Asthenic type of the person at the patients who have transferred acute radiation sickness and local radiation injuries depends, along with stress, from weight of transferring of a acute radiation sickness, local radiation injuries and infectious-endocrine changes. At liquidators of failure on ChNPP the basic stress the factor of a asthenico-neurotic pathology was, in their opinion, threat of a life and to health in connection with an opportunity of the negative radiating influence, proof enough radiophobia and a social dissatisfaction 256
Ensuring the safety of operation of particularly radiation-hazardous and nuclear-hazardous industries and facilities in the field of nuclear power is carried out using various methods, one of which is medical professional selection, selection and admission of personnel to perform official duties. The implementation of medical selection measures in the course of medical examinations using lists of medical contraindications is focused on the possibility of issuing permits to perform certain types of activities at the oiae to persons who do not have appropriate diagnoses. The presence of a disease included in the list of medical contraindications, detected during preliminary and periodic medical examinations and psychophysiological examinations, is evidence of late diagnosis and lack of data on pre-nosological disorders that are important for the selection and implementation of preventive rehabilitation and health measures. There was a need to introduce the concept of functional reliability (FR) and methods of its assessment into the practice of medical and psychophysiological support. FR is considered as a property of the functional systems of the employee's body to ensure the performance of prescribed job duties for a certain time and with a given quality, without reducing the psychophysiological adaptation (a person's systemic response to external and internal stimuli and factors aimed at achieving a useful adaptive result to an unacceptable level). The obtained data allowed us to draw a conclusion about the need to take into account the medical component of professional reliability – FR, along with assessments of the motives for choosing a profession and moral qualities, professional competence, compliance of psychological qualities and physical endurance with the requirements of the profession.
Purpose: Assessment of psycho-physiological adaptation of patients with local radiation injuries (LRI), depending on the presence or absence of an established connection with an accident at work in connection with a radiation accident or an incident that has undergone a psychophysiological examination. Material and methods: Clinical and psychophysiological examination of 57 patients with local radiation injuries was performed, 20 of them, whose LRI s were associated with an accident at work (Group 1) and 37 patients, whose LRI connection was not established with production (Group 2). The mean age of the examined subjects was 41.6 ± 3.1 and 52.0 ± 1.6 years. The psychophysiological examination was carried out using the automated program-methodical complex “Expert”, designed to study the personality of a person, the cognitive and intellectual characteristics of a person using the method of the Multilateral Personality Study is an adaptation of MMPI, the method of Cattell’s 16PF, the Raven test, simple and complex sensorimotor reactions and reaction to a moving object. Results: Clinical and psychophysiological assessment of personality and the actual mental state of patients with LRI having an established connection to an accident at work in comparison with patients with LRI with an unrelated connection with production allowed to determine the main types of disturbance of psychophysiological adaptation in a kind of anxiety-hypochondriacal type of adaptation disorder with a tendency to dissocial behavior in patients with LRI who have an established connection with an accident at work. Conclusion: Anxiety-hypochondriacal type of disturbance of psychophysiological adaptation in patients with LRI is caused primarily by concern about the state of physical health, which determined the tension of mental adaptation with a tendency to neglect social norms and rules of behavior, with a tendency to dissocial behavior, psychasthenia, autization, distancing, alienation, affective rigidity, the desire to put the blame on others for the violation of interpersonal relationships, life difficulties and emotions conflicts. The dissocial type of the disturbance of psychophysiological adaptation was revealed mainly in patients with LRI who have established connection with an accident at work.
The work was aimed to evaluate the adaptation of acute radiation sickness patients, victims of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) accident and different radiation accidents, who underwent follow-up psychophysiological examination. Clinical and psychophysiological follow-up examination covered 32 acute radiation sickness patients -11 with severe and extremely severe grade, who underwent Chernobyl nuclear power station accident, and 21 acute radiation sickness patients from other radiation accidents. The authors demonstrated the leading role of such psychological traits as hypochondriasis, anxiety about health, emotional tension, anxiety, inclination to depression, frustration tension, low self-confidence, suspiciousness, diffidence, affective rigidity, discontentment about the situation and personal position in it, restriction of contact with others -decrease of the stenicity and integration of behavior, that caused adaptation disorders in a distant period among acute radiation sickness patients victims of the Chernobyl nuclear power station accident and in acute radiation sickness patients from other radiation accidents. Intellectual faculties (according to the Cattell test) and imaginative and logic thinking (Raven's test) in the patients who underwent radiation accidents were not affected, but were higher than the average in acute radiation sickness patients victims of the Chernobyl nuclear power station accident, especially in the first 15 years of observation, and equaled to the intellectual level of acute radiation sickness patients from other radiation accidents in the following 15 years of observation.
Purpose: Clinical and psychophysiological assessment of the adaptation of a patient who suffered from acute radiation sickness of moderate severity after the Chernobyl accident and acute leukemia, which began 30 years after the transferred ARS. Material and methods: A clinical and psychophysiological examination of a patient who suffered from acute radiation sickness of moderate severity after the Chernobyl accident and acute leukemia that occurred 30 years after the Chernobyl accident was carried out. The object of the study was the patient D.R.I., born in 1950, deputy. Head of the Chernobyl NPP workshop, participant in the liquidation of the consequences of the 1986 Chernobyl accident. On April 26, 1986, during an emergency, he underwent relatively uniform beta-gamma radiation with the development of ARS II (moderate) severity. Within 3.5 hours after the accident was in the premises of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. In the structure of ARS, bone marrow syndrome of the second degree and oropharyngeal syndrome of the first degree of severity were observed. The radiation dose, according to a cytogenetic study, was 3.4 Gy. A psychophysiological study was carried out using the MMPI methodology, the Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors Test, the Expert automated software and methodological complex, designed to study the personality characteristics of a person, the cognitive and intellectual characteristics of a person, the Raven’s Progressive Matrices, simple and complex sensorimotor reactions and reactions to a moving object, 15 (2001) and 30 years (2016) after the Chernobyl radiation accident. Results: The clinical and psychophysiological assessment of the personality and the actual mental state made it possible to determine the demonstrative-hypochondriacal type of disturbance in the psychophysiological adaptation with the tendency for the anxiety-depressive behavior of the patient to progress to a state of increasing depression, more pronounced in dynamics. Conclusion: The psychophysiological assessment of the personality and current mental state of the patient who had ARS, moderate and, 30 years after the Chernobyl accident, acute leukemia showed a demonstrative-hypochondria type of adaptation disorder, as a variant of a disharmonious combination of hypochondria, anxiety-depressive and demonstrative tendencies with a predominance of demonstrativeness (the first, second and third scale of the MMPI methodology) with a significant decrease on the ninth scale in the form of an increase in depression in dynamics. The prevalence of demonstrativeness over growing depression in a person with high intellect, good figurative and logical thinking, and a lack of sensorimotor inhibition is a manifestation of optimism and resistance to a serious illness.
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