* Autor a quien debe ser enviada la correspondenciaRecibido Ago. 29, 2017; Aceptado Nov. 7, 2017; Versión final Dic. 11, 2017, Publicado Jun. 2018 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ResumenEl estudio determinó el capacidad de sustancias naturales de Moringa, Cactus, Neem y Maíz en el tratamiento del agua del río Magdalena que consumen las comunidades del corregimiento de Palermo, en Colombia. Por medio de la prueba de jarras, se establecieron las dosis óptimas de coagulante, tiempo y velocidad de floculación. El sulfato de aluminio (0.02 g L -1 ) se utilizó como control. Los resultados mostraron que Moringa (2g L -1 ) redujo la turbidez en 96.8% y el color en 97.8% mientras que el control logró 95.7% y 96.5%, respectivamente. Por otro lado, el tratamiento con Neem (0.8g L -1 ) disminuyó 99.4% de los coliformes totales y 99.2% de los coliformes fecales mientras que el Maíz (2.5g L -1 ), redujo 94.4% de los coliformes totales. El uso de sustancias naturales es una alternativa asequible y sostenible de potabilización del agua del río Magdalena. Palabras clave: tratamiento de agua; sustancias naturales; Moringa oleifera; Opuntia ficus-indica; Azadirachta indica; Zea mays Natural Substances: Alternative for the Treatment of Magdalena River´s Water in Palermo Colombia AbstractThe study determined the capability of natural substances such as Moringa, Cactus, Neem and Corn on the treatment of water from Magdalena rive, water used by communities in the municipality of Palermo in Colombia. Through jars tests, optimal doses of coagulant, time and flocculation rate were established, aluminum sulfate (0.02 g L -1 ) was used as control. The results showed that Moringa (2g L -1 ) attenuated in 96.8% the turbidity and 97.8% of color while the conventional one obtained 95.7% and 96.5%, respectively; In turn, Neem (0.8g L -1 ) decreased 99.4% total coliforms and 99.2% of fecal coliforms. Also, Corn (2.5g L -1 ), reduced 94.4% of total coliforms. The use of natural substances is a feasible and sustainable alternative to water purification of the Magdalena river.
The association between the severity (average percentage of infection-API) by Mycosphaerella fijiensisMorelet and the plant nutrient content in the banana growing zone of the department of Magdalena (Colombia) was established. Between 2011 and 2012, the foliar contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S, Cu, Fe, B, Zn, and Mn were determined in sectors with high, medium, and low incidences in order to establish their relationships with the API. Severity was determined with the Stover and Dickson methodology, modified by Gauhl for bananas, in order to obtain sanitary information for the zone. With the obtained data, a correlation analysis was completed and the ordination technique was utilized to establish the relationships between farms and variables using an Euclidean distance. The differences between the farms and years were estimated with a two way analysis of variance with permutations and a canonical discrimination analysis in order to differentiate the farms using the measured foliar variables. The results highlighted the importance of the appropriate and balanced management of site-specific nutritional plans for the management of black sigatoka.
Se analizó y evaluó tres usos de suelo: bosque-B, hortalizas-H y grama-G en una zona de bosque seco tropical mediante técnicas analíticas estándar y por cromatografía circular de Pfeiffer. La evaluación de los cromatogramas se realizó mediante caracterización y puntuación de zonas del patrón, seguido de examen gráfico y analítico en diseño factorial. Posteriormente, estos datos se asociaron a las características físicas y químicas del suelo. Los resultados mostraron diferencias respecto al uso. El suelo H, mostró cromatogramas con menor formación de dientes, colores oscuros y menos integración; el suelo B presentó zonas con relaciones catiónicas que mostraron deficiencia inducida de nutrientes y el suelo G, exhibió colores claros, dientes grandes y mejor integración de zonas, con mayor contenido de carbono. El empleo conjunto de las técnicas evaluadas, proporciona un diagnóstico holístico y confiable para la gestión y sostenibilidad del recurso. Palabras clave: usos de suelo; cromatografía circular de Pfeiffer; calidad del suelo; análisis de suelos; análisis de patrones
The activity of microorganisms in coffee fermentation has a great influence on the composition of the beans and their beverage quality. In the present study, a bibliometric and systematic literature network analysis is made to examine the growth in the literature and the flow of knowledge in the field of study. The bibliometric information was retrieved from the Scopus database, obtaining 55 articles between 1965 and 2019. Frequencies, co-authorship, and co-occurrence indicators were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer software. Our findings show that most of the articles have been published in the last decade and mainly on microbial diversity and starter cultures. Furthermore, it was possible to identify the most productive authors, the most influential works, the main journals where articles of the most productive authors and the most influential works have been published, the most productive affiliation countries, the most used keywords, the co-authorship taking authors and countries as the unit of analysis, the keyword co-occurrence, and the spatial distribution of studies with their research topics. This is the first bibliometric and systematic literature network analysis carried out on research articles on microorganisms in coffee fermentation related to agriculture and beverage quality, which becomes a tool for researchers in making decisions for the building and development of strategic plans for future research by understanding the trends and status of existing research in the field of study in accordance with the authors, works, affiliation countries, study topics, and patterns of international collaboration and within the academic community.
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