EGGPLANT (SOLANUM MELONGENA L.) TRANSPLANTS AND EXUDATES FROM ROOTS OF SEVEN WEEDS
ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF SEVEN WEED SPECIES ON PUMPKIN (CUCURBITA MOSCHATA) UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS
Several native materials were evaluated as bedding materials for the growth of Anthurium at two sites in Puerto Rico. The materials were compared to peat moss for the production of cut flowers. After more than 3 years of data statistically analyzed, the results showed that materials such as cane bagasse, coffee leaf mold, wood shavings, spent ground coffee, cured coffee pulp or coffee parchment, chicken manure, tree bark, and top soil + filter press cake were as effective as peat moss for production of Anthurium flowers.
In 1982, the bipyridilium herbicides diquat [6,7-dihydrodipyrido (1,2- :2;i-c) pyrazinediium ion] at 0.56, 1.12 and 2.24 kg ai/ha, and paraquat [1, 1-dimethyl-4,4' -bipyridinium ion] at 2.24 kg ai/ha were evaluated for postemergence control of weeds in pumpkin cv. Borinquen (Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne) Poir). The experiment was established in Fraternidad clay soil, a Vertisol at the Lajas Substation, Agricultural Experiment Station. No statistical differences (P=0.05) in yield were detected among the hand-weeded plots (25,580 kg/ha), diquat treated plots (23,296 kg/ha), and paraquat treated plots (27,341 kg/ha). Significant differences in plot yield were observed among paraquat 2.24 kg rate treatment, diquat at the lower rates, and the non-weeded plots. Yields were 0.56 kg diquat (17,172 kg/ha), 1.12 kg diquat (19,551 kg), and non weeded check (10,243 kg/ha). All rates of herbicides provided 100% control of Ipomoea tillacea L.; the higher rates also controlled over 85% Euphorbia heterophylla. Control of grass weeds was inefficient (10% or less) with diquat sprays 1 month after the second herbicide application. Nevertheless, diquat seems to be a promising candidate herbicide for postemergence weed control in pumpkin since it efficiently controlled broad leaf weeds with less toxic effect on applicators than paraquat.
La producción de plátanos en el 1977-78 generó un ingreso agrícola total de $27.8 millones. Debido a la importancia de este cultivo y al alto costo de la mano de obra, es necesario conseguir un yerbicida posemergente que permita reducir el costo de la producción de tan importante renglón. Se estableció un experimento en la Subestación de Corozal y otro en la Subestación de Gurabo con el propósito de comparar el efecto posemergente de los yerbicidas Glyphosate y Paraquat. Se utilizó la variedad Maricongo y se aplicó el yerbicida Ametryn a razón de 4.48 kg/ha como preemergente. Transcurridas entre 4 y 5 semanas, se inciaron las aplicaciones de Glyphosate a razón de 4.68, 9.36 y 18.72 litros en 468 litros de agua por hectárea. También se incluyó el yerbicida Paraquat a las concentraciones de 2.34, 4.68 y 9.36 litros en 468 litros de agua por hectárea. En total se hicieron cuatro aplicaciones a intervalos de 2 meses durante el ciclo de siembra a cosecha. Los resultados demostraron que apenas hay diferencia entre Glyphosate y el Paraquat si se usan intensamente para controlar los yerbajos que afectan el plátano. El Glyphosate a razón de 4.68 1/ha fue eficaz para el control de malezas, tanto las gramíneas como las de hoja ancha. Se logró aumentar la producción de plátanos incrementando la dosis de Glyphosate en la Subestación de Corozal, pero no se logró un aumento similar en la de Gurabo. Esta diferencia en rendimiento podría atribuirse a que el herbicida les causó daño. Todo indica que Glyphosate a 4.68 l/ha es suficiente para lograr un buen control de yerbajos y un alto rendimiento de frutas sin efectos nocivos de importancia a la plantación.
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