Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global public health problem. It is a disease of multifactorial origin, and with this characteristic, having an accurate diagnosis of its incidence is a problem that health personnel face every day. That is why having all the indispensable tools to achieve optimal results is of utmost importance. Time is an essential factor when identifying heart problems, specialists look for and develop options to improve this aspect, which requires a thorough analysis of the patient, electrocardiograms being the factor standard for diagnosis and monitoring of patients. In this paper, we review patents and combined systems for the analysis of existing electrocardiogram signals, specific to cardiovascular diseases. All these methods and equipment have the purpose of giving an accurate diagnosis and a prediction of the presence of CVD in patients with positive risk factors. These are considered as the first diagnostic option, based on the guidelines already established in the field of preventive cardiology. The methodology consists of the searching of specific electrocardiography and cardiovascular disease subjects, taking as a reference the use of various patent databases. A total of 2634 patents were obtained in the consulted databases. Of that total, only 30 patents that met all the previous criteria were considered; furthermore, a second in-depth review of their information was conducted. It is expected that studying and reviewing these patents will allow us to know the variety of tools available for the different pathologies that make up CVD, not only for its immediate diagnosis because, as mentioned, the time factor is decisive for the best forecast but also to allow us to follow up on all the cases that arise, being able to provide a better quality of life to patients with CVD or even being able to lead them to a full recovery.
Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) and Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC) are two types of ECG arrhythmias that are identified for presenting anomalies in the normal cardiac rhythm, generating alterations in the heart rate that disrupts his mechanic and electric heart activity due to these delayed contractions (premature). Also when a delayed contraction occurs (i.e. PVC or PAC), it generates alterations in heart rate that can produce ventricular tachycardia and eventually sudden cardiac arrest. Piece Wise Linear Algorithm (PLA) is a widely used segmentation process that represents each signal as linear segments with different scopes. In this work we are presenting an evaluation of PLA and the optimal number of segments when this type of segmentation is applied on normal ECG traces and when these ECG traces present PAC or PVC. We established that optimal number of segments is related with the coefficient of determination (R 2), before and after the reconstruction of an ECG trace. Results show that number of segments taken on normal ECG traces differs radically compared when this method was applied on traces with PVC and PAC events.
RESUMENEn la actualidad, el contar con una base de datos que represente fisiológicamente a una región o estado de la república conlleva un esfuerzo en conjunto entre diversas instituciones. Debido a su inexistencia, los investigadores recurren a bases de datos extranjeras organizadas para el desarrollo de estudios. Un ejemplo es el desarrollo de algoritmos matemáticos de detección de patologías en relación a individuos con una población y una forma de vida diferente a la nuestra. PhysioBC®, tiene como objetivo difundir libremente datos fisiológicos adquiridos en la población de Baja California, a fin de que se desarrollen modelos precisos de detección de patologías acorde a la genética y forma de vida de nuestra comunidad. En este trabajo presentamos los pasos de creación de su primera sección de datos electrocardiográficos, debido a que los datos reportados por el INEGI en 2012, de las 14,756 muertes, el 19% tenían origen cardiovascular. Actualmente se cuenta con 50 registros tomados en la industria maquiladora de Mexicali y 64 tomados en voluntarios. Estos se dividen en estándar de 12 derivaciones y de alta resolución de 3 derivaciones. Todos ellos se encuentran libres para su descarga en diversos formatos en la misma plataforma PhysioBC®.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.