No abstract
Citrus yield is significantly reduced with the help of various pathogenic fungus. Elsinoe fawcetii Bitancourk De Jenk=Sphaceloma fawcetii Jenk differ by their nature of disseminating and harmfulness.
Background: Induced mutagenesis has been used in citrus breeding, in Georgia, since 1960, resulting in many interesting and promising mutant forms that require morphological, physiological and biochemical studies. The present paper presents the results of biochemical research of some promising mutants. Methods: During the period 2017-2019 investigate on 13 promising mutant forms of mandarin has been carried out. In the current study, phenolic composition content in the fruits of mandarin mutants were determined using Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and their antioxidant capacities were evaluated using 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals.Result: The results have shown that different concentrations of mutagen effect on mandarin seeds and, accordingly, on the biochemical components which they include. In most cases, this leads to a positive result. The impact of the mutagen significantly increases the range of changes in biochemical components and varies over a wide range. Analyzing the data, we can conclude that the solutions of all concentrations of the Nash mutagen effect a change in the biochemical indicators in mutant forms. However, a wide range of variability is largely associated with the use of medium and low concentrations of the mutagen. In most cases, the majority of mutant forms significantly outperform the control variants in the content of biochemical components. The study has revealed a variety of mutant forms (gene pool), which characterized a whole complex of positive signs. Their use in selection allows getting perspective forms with positive features.
The migration of the radioisotopes -P 32 and S 35 from the soil to the tea plant (flowers) was studied. It is shown that their accumulation intensity in pollen sacs increases in proportion to the dose and reaches its maximum in the P 32 variant after using a 8.0 MBq / ml dose. The migration intensity was the lowest in the 2.0 MBq / ml variant (0.14-0.223 MBq / 100 mg). It is estimated that P 32 and S 35 have significantly affected the vitality of tea plant pollens through the anomalies of their development. After using 2.0 and 4.0 MBq / ml doses, the vitality of the pollen is reduced in proportion to the dose and the development anomalies increase. Particulalry, the viability of pollen decrease compared to the control group, but the frequency and range of development anomalies increases. These include the slow development of the plant or the acceleration of the development of the primary nucleus, polyspermia, undeveloped pollen tube, etc. The use of processed P 32 and S 35 tea pollens in hybridization significantly increases the frequency of new formations and results in variability in the domination of signs. Among the new formations include the induction of haploids and triploids. UDC Classification: 575,
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