Understanding the impact of various hydraulic structures, such as coastal reservoirs and tidal range impoundments, has been one of the key challenges of hydro–environmental engineering in recent years. Over the last half-century, several proposals for tidal range schemes in the UK have been scrutinised and then abandoned due to the uncertainty over the environmental footprint and/or the cost of electricity. Therefore, it is essential to understand the fundamental assumptions for reliable hydrodynamic analysis of these projects. This study examined the impact of the fully conserved momentum through tidal structures using a novel approach. The method was applied to 2D and 3D versions of the regional model of Swansea Bay tidal lagoon, examining two different types of velocity distribution at turbine exit. A simplified distribution significantly increased the velocity and length of the jet exiting the turbines during power generation. A realistic distribution gave more accurate results, with jet velocities more closely resembling the situation without including the momentum. The 3D model with realistic distribution has markedly improved the resulting vertical velocity profile. The value of the improved methodology for momentum conservation has proved to be particularly useful in local-scale studies. It can be applied to other similar hydraulic structures and used for the analysis of sediment transport, water quality, etc.
IZVLEČEK Višinska razlika do najbližjega vodotoka (HAND) -podatki za SlovenijoPripravili smo normaliziran digitalni model višin (HAND) na območju Slovenije. Model HAND je izračunan iz digitalnega modela višin in hidrografske mreže. Vsaka točka HAND-a predstavlja višinsko razliko med poljubno točko površja in hidrološko najbližjo točko odtoka. Model je bil prvotno razvit za namene kartiranja poplavne ogroženosti, vendar se je izkazal za uporabnega v širšem spektru hidroloških aplikacij, kot so napovedovanje suše, erozija tal in določanje virov podzemnih voda. Za izračun HAND-a smo se poslužili odprtokodnega programa TauDEM in programskega jezika Python. Slovenski HAND smo izračunali za strojno učenje modela za zaznavo suše, kjer je bil uporabljen kot pomožni podatkovni sloj. Testni rezultati so pokazali, da je HAND pripomogel k izboljšanju natančnosti modela. KLJUČNE BESEDE HAND, digitalni model višin, relativni model višin, hidrologija, poplave, suša
The book Preteklost in prihodnost ('The past and the future') is the sixteenth volume in the GIS v Sloveniji (GIS in Slovenia) book series and commemorates its 30th anniversary. The goal of the volume is to present the wide variety of research findings on geographical information systems in Slovenia in recent years. Powerful geoinformatic tools and precise data facilitate research on processes and phenomena, and their modelling. The volume presents project outputs and research results in areas such as geology, geomorphology, hydrology, pedology, agriculture, natural disasters, environmental protection, geography, surveying, archaeology, transport, telecommunication infrastructure, tourism, cultural heritage, education, cartography, geographical names, remote sensing, and others. Readers discover new features regarding the applicability of geographical information systems and learn about interesting research findings in many areas.
Hydrodynamic modelling has an important role in the development of Tidal Range Energy Structures (TRS). The aim of this research study was to develop a methodology for the simulation of TRS with Delft3D software. The study has focused on two key issues of the regional-scale hydrodynamic models. Firstly, the majority of studies before the year 2016 have ignored the conservation of momentum of the flow through the hydraulic structures. Secondly, 3D hydrostatic models have been largely underused in TRS simulations to date. The first key objective was to develop a TRS module for Delft3D software. The case study of Severn Barrage was used for validation. Direct comparisons with the past studies showed good agreement between the results, confirming the appropriateness of the developed model. The second key objective was to introduce a novel approach for the treatment of momentum transfer through hydraulic structures. This was achieved by representing the momentum of the discharged water as an additional external force in the momentum equation. The final key objective was to apply the developed method to a regional-scale model of a tidal lagoon. The Swansea Bay lagoon case study showed that momentum conservation only affected the area close to the structure. The results were found to be sensitive to the vertical velocity profile of the jet. Extending the 2D model to 3D was found to be more important for the estimation of local bed shear stress, than for predicting the velocity field. The 3D simulations did slightly improve the accuracy of the velocity field, but more importantly, they have produced a more realistic vertical velocity profile. The 3D model can capture the attachment of the jets to the bottom surface, distorting the standard logarithmic profile assumed in depth-averaged shallow water flows. In general, the 2D model with momentum conservation was found to be sufficient for analysing hydrodynamics in most cases. However, the 3D model has proved to be indispensable for accurate predictions of local-scale impacts, especially in an around the lagoon.
The aim of SEEP2017 is to bring together the researches within the field of sustainable energy and environmental protection from all over the world.The contributed papers are grouped in 18 sessions in order to provide access to readers out of 300 contributions prepared by authors from 52 countries.We thank the distinguished plenary and keynote speakers and chairs who have kindly consented to participate at this conference. We are also grateful to all the authors for their papers and to all committee members.We believe that scientific results and professional debates shall not only be an incentive for development, but also for making new friendships and possible future scientific development projects. The footprint assessment techniques has provided a set of tools enabling the evaluation of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) -including CO2, emissions and the corresponding effective flows on the world scale. From all such indicators, the energy footprint represents the area of forest that would be required to absorb the GHG emissions resulting from the energy consumption required for a certain activity, excluding the proportion absorbed by the oceans, and the area occupied by hydroelectric dams and reservoirs for hydropower.An overview of the virtual GHG flow trends in the international trade, associating the GHG and water footprints with the consumption of goods and services is performed. Several important indications have been obtained: (a) There are significant GHG gaps between producer's and consumer's emissions -US and EU have high absolute net imports GHG budget. (b) China is an exporting country and increasingly carries a load of GHG emission and virtual water export associated with consumption in the relevant importing countries. (c) International trade can reduce global environmental pressure by redirecting import to products produced with lower intensity of GHG emissions and lower water footprints, or producing them domestically.To develop self-sufficient regions based on more efficient processes by combining neighbouring countries can be a promising development. A future direction should be focused on two main areas: (1) To provide the self-sufficient regions based on more efficient processes by combining production of surrounding countries. (2) To develop the shared mechanism and market share of virtual carbon between trading partners regionally and internationally. HAKAN SERHAD SOYHAN 4 Development in energy sector, technological advancements, production and consumption amounts in the countries and environmental awareness give shape to industry of energy. When the dependency is taken into account in terms of natural resources and energy, there are many risks for countries having no fossil energy sources. Renewable and clean sources of energy and optimal use of these resources minimize environmental impacts, produce minimum secondary wastes and are sustainable based on current and future economic and social societal needs. Sun is one of the main energy sources in recent years. Light and heat of sun are used in...
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