The main object of the present paper is to furnish a brief account to the knowledgement of Protozoa parasitic in common Brazilian frog of the genus Leptodactylus for general students in Zoology and for investigators that use this frog as a laboratory animal. Hepatozoon leptodactyli (Haemogregarina leptodactyli) was found in two species of frogs - Leptodactylus ocellatus and L. pentadactylus - in which develop schizogony whereas sporogony occurs in the leech Haementeria lutzi as was obtainded in experimental conditions. Intracellular forms have been found in peripheral circulation, chiefly in erythrocytes, but we have found them in leukocytes too. Tissue stages were found in frog, liver, lungs, spleen, gut, brain and heart. The occurence of hemogregarine in the Central Nervous System was recorded by Costa & al,(13) and Ball (2). Some cytochemical methods were employed in attempt to differentiate gametocytes from trophozoites in the peripheral blood and to characterize the cystic membrane as well. The speorogonic cycle was developed in only one specie of leech. A brief description of the parasite is given.
Os autores apresentam uma revisão da hemogregarina parasita de rãs do gênero Leptodactylus. A posisção sistemática sob o ponto de vista genérico fica definida com os estudos do ciclo no vetor Haementeria lutzi, publicados em nota preliminar por um dos autores (Pessoa 24) quando utilizou rãs L. petadactylus em trabalho experimental. Este trabalho experimental continua sendo desenvolvido no Laboratório de Protozoologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, utilizando a rã L. ocellatus e as sanguessugas Haementeria vizuttoi e Haementeria gracilis. Algumas técnicas citoquímicas foram empregadas para melhor caracterização dos esquizontes e das granulações do citoplasma das formas sanguíneas
Lankesterella alencari n. sp. a Sporozoa that occur in the blood and CNS of the South American frog Leptodactylus acellatus is described. Since the tissue forms of this parasite have been previously reported as belonging to the genus Toxoplasma, we attempted in fection of 2 species of amphibia (Bufo marinus an dLeptodactylus ocellatus) with a Toxoplasma strain of human origen; inoculation was by intraperitoneal injection of parasite-containing ascitic fluid from infected mice. Attempt of experimental inoculation of the parasite found in the CNS of L. ocellatus in a highly susceptible host (mice) was unsuccessful. These results suggest that Toxoplasma does not occur naturally in the amphibia; be related to Toxoplasma is excluded. The following genera of haematozoa found in brazilian amphibia have been considered briedfly: Haemobartonella, Cytamoeba, Dactylosoma, Hepatozoon and Trypanosoma.
O gênero Toddia, criado por França 1911, para um organismo encontrado em eritrõcitos de um anfíbio anuro, tem estrutura particular e o problema de sua natureza (protozoário ou vírus) é discutido. Nosso resultados mostram reações Feulgen e Verde Metila positivas, principalmente no início da infecção. Com o decorrer da infecção as partículas são, geralmente, maiores que aquelas observadas alguns dias após as inoculações, mas as reações citoquímicas citadas anteriormente são, em geral, negativas ou fracamente positivas. Os mesmos resultados foram obtidos quando empregamos Laranja de acridina para caracterização do DNA e esta técnica foi negativa para o RNA. Estudando o desenvolvimento deste organismo e seus efeitos infecciosos foram confirmados por inoculações experimentais. As alterações no sangue do hospedeiro foram observadas e notamos que o núclo dos eritrócitos é severamente alterado durante o desenvolvimento da infecção, que é geralmente, muito intensa, terminando com a morte do hospedeiro. As inoculações experimentais demonstraram a especificidade da infecção, e diante dos conhecimentos a respeito dos organismos deste gênero, discutimos o problema da criação de espécies.
Since divergent results were obtained by different authors about immunoglobulins concentration in sera from acute and chronic cases of Chagas disease, the problem was submitted to statistical approach in field conditions in the endemic zone of Bambui, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Positives cases were considered in all individuals presenting evidences in parasitological, immunological or electrocardiographical examination living exactly in the same conditions, but without any evidence of infection under the same criteria. The sample consisted of 32 chronic cases and no significant difference in the immunoglobulins levels were detected in chronic cases of Chagas disease as compared with the control group. Heterophili antibodies are being determined in chronic cases and apparently there is no relationship between its concentration and pathogenic effects.
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