In this paper, we describe an experiment in which the position of scientists with respect to flood risk management is fundamentally changed. Building on a review of three very different approaches to engaging the public in science, we contrast the normal way in which science is used in flood risk management in England and Wales with an experiment in which knowledge regarding flooding was co-produced. This illustrates a way of working with experts, both certified (academic natural and social scientists) and noncertified (local people affected by flooding), for whom flooding is a matter of concern, and where the event, flooding, is given agency in the experiment. We reveal a deep and distributed understanding of flood hydrology across all experts, certified and uncertified, involved in the experiment. This did not map onto the conventional dichotomy between 'universal' scientific expertise and 'local' lay expertise. By working with the event we harnessed, produced and negotiated a new and collective sense of knowledge, sufficient in our experiment to make a public intervention in flood risk management in our case-study location. The manner in which the academic scientists involved in the practice of their science were repositioned was radical as compared with normal scientific method. It was also radical for a more fundamental reason: the purpose of our experiment became as much about creating a new public capable of making a political intervention in a situation of impasse, as it was about producing the solution itself. The practice of knowledge generation, the science undertaken, worked with the hybridisation of science and politics rather than trying to extract science from it. key words flood risk management flooding scientific method participation co-production hybridisation

This paper suggests that eomputer simulation modelling can offer opportunities for redistributing expertise between science and affected publies in relation to environmental problems. However, in order for scientific modelling to contribute to the eoproduetion of new knowledge elaims about environmental processes, seientists need to reposition themselves with respect to their modelling practices. In the paper we examine a proeess in which two hydrologieal modellers became part of an extended research collective generating new knowledge about flooding in a small rural town in the UK. This process emerged in a projeet trialling a novel participatory researeh apparatus-eompeteney groups-aiming to harness the energy generated in publie controversy and enable other than scientific expertise to contribute to environmental knowledge. Analysing the proeess repositioning the seientists in terms of a dynamic of 'dissociation' and 'attachment', we map the ways in whieh prevailing alignments of expertise were unravelled and new connections assembled, in relation to the matter of concern. We show how the redistribution of knowledge and skills in the extended research collective resulted in a new eomputer model, embodying the coproduced flood risk knowledge.

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. Placing the rural in regional development, Regional Studies. Urban and regional development studies tend to focus on the urban as driving innovation and growth, with surrounding areas cast in a passive, residual role. As a result, rural and urban development debates are often conducted separately. This paper introduces a special issue on rural development. It sets out current rural development thinking in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, and explores two trends affecting the place of rural areas in regional development -the differentiation of ruralities in the context of global changes and the changing nature of travel and communications -or mobilities. It then introduces the papers in the special issue. Rural developmentRegional development Rural change Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) WARD N. et BROWN D. L. Introduire l'espace rural dans l'aménagement du territoire, Regional Studies. Les études de l'aménage-ment du territoire ont tendance à focaliser l'espace urbain comme moteur de l'innovation et de la croissance, tandis que les zones environnantes jouent un rôle plutôt passif et résiduel. Par la suite, les débats sur l'aménagement rural et le développement urbain sont souvent organisés séparément. Cet article cherche à introduire un numéro spécial sur l'aménagement rural. On présente ici la tendance actuelle de l'opinion sur l'aménagement rural dans les pays membres de l'Organisation de Coopération et de Développe-ment Economique (OCDE), et examine deux tendances qui influencent le rôle des zones rurales dans l'aménagement du terrotioire -à savoir, la différenciation des zones rurales dans le cadre des changements mondiaux et le développement du transport et des communications -ou des déplacements. Ensuite on présente les articles dans le numéro spécial. WARD N. y BROWN D. L. Ubicación del aspecto rural en el desarrollo regional, Regional Studies. Los estudios sobre el desarrollo urbano y regional tienden a prestar atención al aspecto urbano como el motor de la innovación y el crecimiento, mientras que las regiones circundantes son relegados a un papel pasivo y residual. En consecuencia, los debates sobre el desarrollo urbano y rural Regional Studies, Vol. 43.10, pp. 1237 -1244, December 2009 0034-3404 print/1360-0591 online/09/101237-8 # 2009 Regional Studies Association DOI: 10.1080/00343400903234696 http://www.regional-studies-assoc.ac.uk muchas veces se llevan a cabo por separado. En este artículo introducimos una edición especial sobre el desarrollo rural. Definimos el pensamiento actual sobre el desarrollo rural en los países de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE), y analizamos las dos tendencias que afectan a la posición de las zonas rurales en el desarrollo regional: la diferenciación entre los aspectos rurales en el contexto de cambios globales y la naturaleza cambiante de los viajes y las comunicaciones -o movilidades. Finalmente, se presentan los trabajos en el número especial.

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This paper uses the concept of 'moral economy' to challenge the conventional view that defines morality and the market as oppositional terms. Drawing on evidence from life history interviews with key actors in the British food industry, the paper outlines how moral and ethical questions are articulated through notions of space and time. Using case study material from the chicken and sugar industries, the paper examines the way that ethical and moral issues are expressed through the dimensions of time (via notions of remembering and forgetting) and space (via notions of connecting and disconnecting) and via notions of visibility and invisibility. The paper concludes by examining how our understanding of the moral economies of food can be advanced through the adoption of a relational view of geographical scale and temporal connection, contrasting the attribution of individual blame with a politics of collective responsibility.key words moral economy food and farming space and time chicken sugar Britain

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