No abstract

Increasing the vitamin D intakes of young children through fortification of alternative dairy products results in significantly higher serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and a significantly greater proportion of children with serum 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L during periods of minimal ultraviolet B radiation exposure. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02097160 and had Health Canada Temporary Marketing Authorization Letters for both products (TM-13-0432 and TM-13-0433).

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the association between eating while television viewing (TVV) and overweight or obesity in children (<18 years). A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, PreQuest and Embase was conducted up to April 2017; pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random effects model. Of 4,357 articles identified, 20 observational studies met inclusion criteria (n = 84,825) and 8 of these 20 (n = 41,617) reported OR. Eating while TVV was positively associated with obesity-related anthropometric measurements in 15 studies (75%). The meta-analysis revealed that eating while TVV was positively associated with being overweight (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.39). Subgroup analyses showed similar positive associations in both girls and boys, as well as in children who ate dinner while TVV. There was no evidence of publication bias. The present systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that eating while TVV could be a risk factor for being overweight or obese in childhood and adolescents.

Aim The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which has adverse effects on mothers and their offspring, is increasing worldwide. The role of a plant‐based dietary pattern as a determinant of GDM is not well understood. Therefore, we examined the association between plant‐based dietary patterns and the risk of GDM. Methods We enrolled 460 pregnant women in this case–control study, of them 200 were cases and 260 were controls. Dietary intake of participants was evaluated using three 24‐hour dietary records. Adherence to the plant‐based dietary patterns was scored using three indices of the overall plant‐based dietary index (PDI), healthy plant‐based diet (hPDI) and unhealthy plant‐based diet index (uPDI). The risk of GDM was compared across tertiles of PDI, hPDI and uPDI. Results After multivariable adjustment, we demonstrated that the high PDI score was inversely associated with risk of GDM (OR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.28–0.78, P = 0.004), but there was no significant association between hPDI (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.64–1.65, P = 0.884) or uPDI (OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 0.98–2.78, P = 0.06) and GDM risk. Conclusions We found that following an overall plant‐based diet was associated with lower risk of GDM. Future studies are warranted with longitudinal designs to confirm these findings.

No abstract