UK National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme.

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according to the World Health Organization classification of body mass index (BMI), i.e. < 25, 25-29.9 (overweight), 30-39.9 (obese) and > 40 kg/m 2 (morbidly obese). The outcomes of surgery in these four groups were compared. RESULTSThere were no statistically significant differences in operative duration, decrease in haemoglobin concentration, postoperative analgesic use, hospital stay and stone-free rates; nor was there a higher complication rate in patients who were obese. CONCLUSIONThe outcome of PCNL is independent of the patients' BMI and results can be favourable in most patients. We therefore advocate treating obese patients with symptomatic stone disease based on individual status, using percutaneous surgery where appropriate.

Laparoscopic nephrectomy is associated with less postoperative pain and a faster return to normal activities than open nephrectomy.

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