In this paper, an optimal synthesis of four-bar path generator, using a robust mathematical formulation is presented. Natural coordinates are used in order to solve the four-bar mechanism kinematic position analytically and the Hermitian conjugate is used to build a goal function whose range is the real numbers' set. A Teaching Learning Based Optimization Algorithm is implemented to test the proposed formulation robustness, also the possibility of extending the method to another type of mechanism is described. The main advantages of the formulation are its simplicity and robustness due that the equations involved in the formulation are algebraic and the numerical field is the complex's set.
This paper presents experimental investigation on micro-milling of Ti c.p grade 2 using tungsten carbide micro-end mills with a diameter of 200 µm. Cutting speed, feed per tooth and depth values used were determined by previous works and experimentally through pilot testing. An experiment based on Taguchi method was applied with two factors and three levels. The evaluated parameters were spindle speed (krpm) and feed per tooth (µm/tooth) milling grooves on Ti. An image processing algorithm was developed for the measurement of burr formation, 2298 Rafael Tuirán et al. the values from this method were compared with the direct measurement made with optical microscopy and finally, a relation between the cutting parameters and the burr formation for both methods was established, thus obtaining the operation zone for a desired burr. The proposed burr indicator, obtained through the image processing algorithm, reveals some burr conditions that are ignored by the regular measurement of burr (top burr longitude).
In this paper, a mathematical model using finite element software is developed. An electromagnetic analysis is performed to determine the behavior of quantities such as magnetic flux density and output voltage when short-circuit failures occur in the winding of the rotor poles of a synchronous small size machine when it works as a generator. The voltage values obtained from the simulations were compared with data from actual tests performed in the laboratory.
This paper presents a study of magnetic flux density in a large synchronous large size machine when it is working as a generator. Finite elements software has been used to obtain the same physical and electrical characteristics of the real machine. From the results conveyed from the simulations, it is possible to find the optimal points where the magnetic flux sensors will be placed and to determine short-circuit faults in the rotor coils. The work results are also a reference to evaluate and compare the magnitudes taken by the sensors without creating short-circuits in the actual machine coil. Besides that, the proposed model based on finite elements can be used to make simulation tests of new kinds of sensors.
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