Introduction: Depression is one of the major problems encountered by medical students. This maycause a negative effect on cognitive functioning and learning of students resulting in poor healthcare and service delivery in future. The presence of this major problem is necessary to be evaluated.Enough recent data regarding its prevalence is not available in our country. Thus, the main aim ofthis study is to find the prevalence of depression among medical students of a tertiary care teachinghospital. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which was conducted among undergraduatemedical students of a tertiary teaching hospital over a four-month period (July to October 2019).Ethical clearance was received from the Institutional Review Committee of the same tertiary teachinghospital. Random sampling technique was used to collect data to meet the calculated sample size.Data analysis was done in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Point estimate at 95% ConfidenceInterval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: The prevalence of depression among selected medical students of Kathmandu MedicalCollege and Teaching Hospital is 59 (27.2%) at 95% Confidence Interval (21.28-33.12%). Thirty (14%)of the participants were mildly depressed, 21 (10%) moderately depressed while 8 (4%) were severelydepressed according to Beck’s Depression Index II. Conclusions: Prevalence of depression among medical students is relatively significant as foundin similar studies done in other centres. Thus appropriate programs and strategies should beimplemented to avoid depression from causing a negative effect on cognitive functioning andlearning of students. Favourable environment where students are able to talk about their mentalhealth issues is a must.

Introduction: Tobacco smoking is one of the most important preventable risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. It has been seen that medical students have a higher frequency of smokingcompared to the general population. This study aims to determine the prevalence of smoking amongthird-year medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nepal. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the hospital’s third-yearundergraduate medical students over a four-month period (October 2019 to January 2020). Ethicalclearance was received from the Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical Collegeand Teaching Hospital. The whole sampling technique was used to collect data. The Global HealthProfessional Students Survey questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was done in thestatistical package for social sciences. Results: The prevalence of current smoking among selected medical students of Kathmandu MedicalCollege and Teaching Hospital is 34 (30.1%), majority male 26 (23%). Fifty-six (49.4%) of them hadever smoked cigarettes in their life, and 27 (23.9%) had their first cigarette in late adolescence. Thenumber of students who used other forms of tobacco was comparatively lower i.e. 6 (5.3%). Manyof the students 53 (46.9%) were exposed to second-hand smoke both at home and in public, while 18(15.9) exposed only at public places, and 6 (5.3%) only at home. Conclusions: Our study has concluded that there is a notable prevalence of smoking among theparticipants. This points to the need for specific training sessions in their clinical years about smokingcessation for themselves and regarding counseling for patients.

The thoracic kidney is the rarest form of an ectopic kidney that usually present on the left thoraxand twice more common in males. No case has been reported from Nepal and very few cases arereported worldwide. We report a 24 years-old female with right thoracic kidney with Bochdalekhernia diagnosed incidentally. We have included clinico-radiological and surgical findings of thecase with a review of the literature.

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