This study investigated the shaping abilities of XP Shaper and compared it with other single file NiTi systems using full rotation and reciprocation motion by cone beam computed tomography. Mesiobuccal canal of forty-five mandibular first molars, were divided into three equal groups, using WaveOne, OneShape and XP shaper. Pre-and post instrumentation images were obtained at 3mm, 5mm and 7mm from the apex and were assessed to determine canal transportation and centering ability. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test for comparing the three systems, while Friedman's test was used to compare between the root levels. WaveOne and OneShape showed the highest mean amount of transportation with no statistically significant difference between them. XP Shaper showed the lowest statistically significantly mean amount of transportation. There was a statistically significant difference in the canal centring ability among the three instruments used. It was concluded that XP shaper preserved the original canal shape better than WaveOne and OneShape.

Within the parameters used in this study, a combination therapy consisting of irrigation followed by diode laser irradiation should be utilized as an effective treatment modality for eliminating E. faecalis from root canal systems.

Objective:The aim of the present study was to compare the canal transportation, centering ratio, debris and smear layer score after using 3 rotary Ni-Ti systems, Revo-S (RS; Micro-Mega, Besancon Cedex, France) and ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) and M-Pro system( Guangdong, China, Mainland). Material and methods: Thirty nine mesiobuccal root canals of extracted lower first molars with 20˚ to 45˚ angle of curvature and were divided randomly into 3 groups of 13 samples each: group RS, group M-Pro and group PTN. Root canal transportation and centering ratio were evaluated at 3, 6 and 9 mm from apex using i-CAT CBCT (Hatfield, pennsylvania ,USA) before and after preparation.Thirteen Roots from each group were split longitudinally using diamond disc, by making a groove on buccal and lingual side of root without reaching the lumen of the canal.The root halves were examined under Scan Electron Microscope (SEM) by magnification x 1000 and x 4000 for debris and smear layer respectively The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in canal transportation, canal centering ratio, debris and smear layer score between the three tested groups. Conclusion: From the obtained results and within the limitations of this study, the following could be concluded:M-Pro Nickel Titanium rotary system had a negligible effect on root canal transportation which was similar to the ProTaper Next and Revo-S systems and no system was able to clean the root canal system completely.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to assess the amount of residual root canal filling materials (Guttapercha/Bioceramic sealer) after using different irrigation protocols. Methodology: FortyMandibular premolar teeth were mechanically instrumented using Protaper Next rotary system and obturated with guttapercha master cones (size 25, 0.06 taper) coated with Sure Seal bioceramic sealer (Sure Dent Corp., Gyeonggi-do, Korea). All specimens were incubated for 4 weeks then retreatment was performed using Protaper Universal retreatment system. The specimens were randomly divided into four equal groups (n=10) according to the final irrigation protocol as follow; Conventional needle irrigation, Endovac, UltraX, Passive ultrasonic irrigation. Roots were grooved buccolingualy into two halves. A digital camera connected to the stereomicroscope captured images to each half. The root canals were segmented into thirds (Apical, middle and coronal). Image-J softwarewas used to evaluate and measure the areas with the remaining filling material in each third. Data were analysed using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test for intergroup comparisons while One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used for intra group comparisons. Results: All groups showed residual filling material in the root canals. The amount of the residual filling materials was significantly reduced upon using passive ultrasonic irrigation (P<0.001). Conclusion: None of the irrigant activation methods was capable of completely removing the root canal filling material. Passive Ultrasonic irrigation enhanced the retreatment procedure of root canals previously obturated with gutta percha/bioceramic sealer.

Objective: The aim of the study was to detect the prevalence of middle mesial canals in the mesial root of first mandibular molars in Egyptian population by retrospective analysis of a large number of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Materials and Methods:A total of 1090 CBCT scans of first permanent mandibular molars were obtained from patients who visited the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt, for various purposes. CBCT scans were searched and only 800 subjects (374 males and 426 females) fulfilled the inclusion criteria.

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Objective This study compared the quantity of extruded debris after instrumentation with TRUShape 3D Conforming files, TruNatomy files, and the WaveOne Gold reciprocating system. Materials and methods Fifty-one mesiobuccal canals with severe curvatures (25–40°) were assigned to three equal groups according to the rotary system used for preparation, either TRUShape, TruNatomy, or WaveOne Gold files. The extruded debris was collected in pre-weighed glass vials. The data were statistically analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test and Tukey’s post hoc test. Results The least extruded debris was obtained with the WaveOne Gold instruments compared to the TRUShape and TruNatomy files (p < 0.001). Conclusions Debris extrusion occurs independently of the motion or design of the instrument. The WaveOne Gold system outperformed TRUShape and TruNatomy files in this study.