Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (AdCC) is a malignant tumor mostly occurring in the head and neck salivary glands. In this article, two rare cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma occurring in the buccal mucosa with their treatment and long-term follow-up are presented.
Wicked problems exist in the realm of oral health research. Due to their inherent complexity, using qualitative or quantitative methods alone may not be adequate for resolving them. Mixed methods approaches combine qualitative and quantitative methods, and thus, can provide a powerful tool for understanding and solving complex problems in dental public health. However, using mixed methods does not come without its challenges. This commentary outlines four main tips for researchers to consider when applying mixed methods to their research projects.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a malignant tumor mostly occurring in the head and neck salivary glands. In this article, two rare cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma occurring in the buccal mucosa with their treatment and long-term follow-up are presented. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) was initially described as "cylindroma" in 1856 by Billroth, as it contained long amorphous compartments named "cylinders" in its histological view. Later on, the term "adenoid cystic carcinoma"(AdCC) replaced the term cylindroma for defining this tumor. 1 AdCC accounts for 10% of salivary gland tumors and for approximately 1% of all malignancies of the head and neck. 2 AdCC arises more frequently in minor salivary glands, in comparison with major salivary glands. 3 AdCC of minor salivary glands is believed to have a worse prognosis, compared to those of the major salivary glands. Pain can be a paramount symptom of the disease, due to the tumor's proneness toward perineural invasion. 4 Although this tumor is likely to occur at almost any age, it is most commonly observed in women, in the 5th and 6th decades of life. 5 In a recent study, the AdCC occurrence rate in women and men was 60:40, respectively. 6 AdCC often manifests itself as a small and slowly growing tumor. However, it is diagnosed at an advanced stage in
IntroductionHumanitarian migrants often suffer from poor health, including oral health. Reasons for their oral health conditions include difficult migration trajectories, poor nutrition and limited financial resources. Oral health promotion is crucial for improving oral health-related quality of life of humanitarian migrants. While community-level oral health promotion programmes for humanitarian migrants have been implemented (eg, in host countries and refugee camps), there is scant literature evaluating their transferability or effectiveness. Given that these programmes yield unique context-specific outcomes, the purpose of this study is to understand how community-level oral health promotion programmes for humanitarian migrants work, in which contexts and why.Methods and analysisRealist review, a theory-driven literature review methodology, incorporates a causal heuristic called context–mechanism–outcome configurations to explain how programmes work, for whom, and under which conditions. Using Pawson’s five steps of realist review (clarifying scope and drafting an initial programme theory; identifying relevant studies; quality appraisal and data extraction; data synthesis; and dissemination of findings), we begin by developing an initial programme theory using the references of a scoping review on the oral health of refugees and asylum seekers and through hand searching in Google Scholar. Following stakeholder validation of our initial programme theory, we will locate additional evidence by searching in four databases (Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Library and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)) to test and refine our initial programme theory into a middle-range realist programme theory. The resultant theory will explain how community-level oral health promotion programmes for humanitarian migrants work, for whom, in which contexts and why.Ethics and disseminationSince this study is a review and no primary data collection will be involved, institutional ethics approval is not required. The findings of this study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, local and international conferences, and via social media.Trial registration numberCRD42021226085.
Background. Dental caries is initiated through mineral dissolution by bacterial acids and collagen de gradation by endogenous proteolytic enzymes, mainly collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).Objectives. The present research aimed to evaluate the relationship between severe early childhood caries (SECC) and salivary MMP8 and MMP20 concentrations.Material and methods. Fifty children aged 36-60 months were assigned to either the cariesfree (control) group or the SECC group. Standard clinical examinations were performed, and approx. 1 mL of expectorated unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all participants. In the SECC group, the sampling was repeated 3 months after restorative treatment. All samples were analyzed for the salivary concentrations of MMP8 and MMP20, using the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statisti cal analysis employed the t test, the Mann-Whitney U test, the χ 2 test, Fisher's exact test, and the paired samples t test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results.At baseline, the subjects in the SECC group presented with significantly elevated levels of MMP8 as compared to the control group. However, the salivary concentration of MMP20 did not exhibit a signifi cant difference between the 2 groups. A significant reduction occurred in the levels of MMP8 and MMP20 3 months after restorative treatment in the SECC group. Conclusions.The salivary levels of MMP8 and MMP20 were significantly affected by dental restorative treatment in children. Furthermore, MMP8 was observed to be a better indicator of the dental caries status than MMP20.
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