In late 2015, approximately 2,000 Syrian asylum seekers made their way into Norway via the Arctic passage from Russia. What ensued are “global moments,” breakthrough events that have reshaped lives and futures for both the refugees and those who aided them, and it is the latter group on which this article focuses. As refugees began arriving in Arctic Norway, Refugees Welcome to the Arctic, an ad hoc grassroots organization, was formed to assist them. This group of ordinary people, most of them with no previous humanitarian experience, took action in defiance of Norwegian government policies, and providing food became the focus of their efforts. Refugees Welcome to the Arctic members often described being motived to act by their own traumatic memories of the region's experience of World War II, a time of deprivation and brutality suffered at the hands of the retreating German army. Food, as an enactment of compassion, is shown to be a powerful means through which people connect in very personal, concrete ways to the humanitarian enterprise.
As I write, the Syrian migrant crisis is boiling over and the Arctic Circle has become the latest precarious route desperate Syrian refugees are braving in their pursuit of security and shelter. A young Syrian woman is interviewed on the Norwegian evening news. Earlier this year other members of her family had fled to Germany. She stayed in Syria, waiting to hear from them before setting out herself. When she finally managed to get a call through to her family, they recounted the humiliating agonies they had endured on their journey through Turkey and advised her to find another route. She decided to take the new migration route to Europe, the safer and less expensive Arctic route, as far as possible from the horrors of war. She doesn't go into the details of her long journey, other than to say that she has been hungry for a couple of years, often dizzy from hunger. As she is interviewed in the polar night, she stands in front of a building decorated with Christmas lights, a Bethlehem star in each of the windows, skinny pines covered in frost in the background, snow on the ground: “I don't mind that my ears are frozen and that I can see my breath. I want to be safe and have a dignified life. Get a proper education, work, and be able to feed myself.” The camera shows other Syrian families with young children, single men and women, and girls and boys, traveling alone. Volunteers from the “Refugees Welcome to Norway” (RWTN) association distribute warm clothes, nappies, prams, toys, coffee, tea, sandwiches, and traditional Christmas cakes.
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Summary The calcium and phosphorus contents of 50 samples each of cow, buffalo, goat and human milk were determined and the calcium/phosphorus ratio was calculated for each variety of milk. Statistical analysis of the data, regardless of the effect of season, breed or age, shows the maximum, minimum, mean and standard error of each variable. The frequency distribution of calcium and phosphorus levels in the different milks was also determined. The mean value for calcium and phosphorus was highest in buffalo milk and lowest in human milk. Between these two species, goat's milk had a higher mean value than cow's milk. Zusammenfassung Das Calcium/Phosphor‐Verhältnis in der Kuh‐, Büffel‐, Ziegen‐ und Frauenmilch In 50 Proben von Kuh‐, Büffel‐, Ziegen‐ und Frauenmilch wurde das Calcium und der Phosphorgehalt bestimmt und das Ca/P‐Verhältnis berechnet. Die Maximum‐ und Minimumwerte sowie die Standard‐Abweichungen wurden eruiert. In der Büffelmilch war der Ca‐ und P‐Gehalt am höchsten, in der Frauenmilch am kleinsten, ebenso wies Ziegenmilch höhere Ca‐ und P‐Konzentrationen auf als Kuhmilch. Résumé Une recherche sur le rapport calcium/phosphore dans différents laits On détermine la teneur en calcium et phosphore de 50 échantillons de chacun des laits suivants: vache, buffle, chèvre et femme. On calcule le rapport calcium/phosphore pour chaque sorte de lait. On procède à une analyse statistique des valeurs, en négligeant l'effet de la saison, de la race et de l'âge, en donnant le maximum, le minimum, la moyenne et la déviation standard de chaque variable. On détermine également la distribution des taux de calcium et de phosphore dans les différents laits. On trouve la moyenne pour le calcium et le phosphore la plus élevée dans le lait de buffle et la moyenne la plus basse dans le lait de femme. Entre ces deux espèces, de lait de chèvre a une moyenne plus élevée que le lait de vache. Resumen Estudio de la relación calcio/fósforo en diferentes leches Determináronse los contenidos en calcio y fósforo de 50 muestras cada vez de leche de vaca, búfala, cabra y mujer, calculándose la ralación calcio/fósforo para cada variedad láctea. El análisis estadístico de los datos, prescindiendo del efecto estacional, de la raza y de la edad, muestra el máximo, mínimo, errores medio y standard de cada variable. También se determinó la distribución de frecuencias de los niveles de calcio y fósforo en las diversas leches. El valor medio para el calcio y fósforo era máximo en la leche de búfala y mínimo en la de mujer. Entre las dos especies restantes, la leche de cabra tiene un valor medio superior que la de vaca.
In Jerusalem in the 1960s two nuns belonging to the Polish Order of the Sisters of St. Elizabeth experienced a calling to help relieve the suffering among children living around the walls of the old city. With the help of a loan and a 'miracle' Sister Raphaela and Sister Kryspina managed to finance the building of an orphanage 'The Home of Peace' on Mount of Olives in Jerusalem. Today 'The Home of Peace' is managed by fifteen nuns who do the washing, cleaning, feeding, tutoring and caring for approximately thirty children, mostly girls, under the age of eighteen years. This paper sketches aspects of long-term daily charitable giving, rescue, protection, shelter and gestures of kindness which are forgotten aspects in Middle Eastern research. This is an attempt to get at the often neglected story of compassion and care-giving in the Middle East. À Jérusalem, pendant les années 60, deux sœurs de l'ordre polonais des Sœurs de St. Elisabeth ont ressenti la vocation de soulager la souffrance des enfants vivant en dehors des murs de la Ville Sainte. Avec l'aide d'un emprunt et grâce à un « miracle », Sœur Raphaela et Sœur Kryspina ont pu financier la construction d'un orphelinat sur le Mont des Oliviers à Jérusalem, le'Foyer de la paix'. Aujourd'hui le 'Foyer de la paix' est dirigée par 15 sœurs qui nourrissent, lavent, instruisent et prennent soin d'une trentaine d'enfants, pour la plupart des filles de moins de 18 ans. L'article se penche sur des questions souvent laissées de côté dans la recherche sur le Moyen Orient de nos jours telles que le don charitable au quotidien sur la longue durée, le secours, la protection, l'abri et les gestes de gentillesse. Ceci est une tentative d'aborder l'histoire souvent oubliée de la compassion et du soin au Moyen Orient.
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