An immature tooth with pulpal necrosis and periapical pathology imposes a great difficulty to the endodontists. Endodontic treatment options for such teeth consist of conventional apexification procedure with and without apical barriers and revascularization. Calcium phosphate is a calcium silicate-based cement that exhibits physical and chemical properties similar to those described for certain Portland cement derivatives. This article demonstrates the use of calcium phosphates as an apical matrix barrier in root end apexification procedure. This case report presents apexification and follow-up of a case with the use of calcium phosphate as an apical barrier matrix.
Usually external tooth resorption follows trauma to periodontal ligament. Based on clinical and histological manifestations, it can be classified into five categories. Due to the alkaline pH, calcium hydroxide has long been used as an intracanal medicament to slow down the resorption process. Both external and internal resorptions can also occur on the same tooth, making the management more complex. This case report presents the management of a tooth with apical resorption. Apical resorption can be managed both surgically and nonsurgically. In this case, as the tooth itself has created an apical barrier, it was decided not to break the apical seal and to manage it nonsurgically. Follow-up was done for 3 and 6 months respectively.
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