Objective: India is the second country after China having the highest population prevalence of diabetes. Several research studies investigating diabetes have been done, but not much work has been done on prediabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nutrition and lifestyle modification on prediabetic females. Methods: A total of 120 prediabetic females from Ludhiana city were divided into 2 matched groups: control group (n = 60) and experimental group (n = 60). Impact of nutrition intervention for dietary and lifestyle modification (for 3 months) was assessed on the anthropometric, dietary, biochemical parameters, and diabetes risk score of the experimental group and control group (no intervention). Results: All the selected 120 subjects completed the study (experimental group = 60; control group = 60). There was significant difference in the changes between the 2 groups throughout the study. The fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c levels of the experimental group subjects reduced significantly ( P ≤ .01). However, no change was observed among the control group subjects. The lipid profile of the experimental group showed a significant improvement ( P ≤ .01). Conclusion: Nutrition counselling of the prediabetics regarding dietary and lifestyle modification is recommended so as to improve their metabolic control, thus preventing them from being diabetics.
e381limiting,but in immunocompromised patients infections which can be life threatening may develop. Cryptosporidium may account for 10 to 20% of the cases of diarrhea in immunocompromised patients living in developed countries and as much as 50% in underprivileged countries. Different strains of Cryptosporidium have been reported and it is belived that strain characteristics are an important factor to be cosidered is strategic planning for the control of cryptosporidiosis disease.In this study human and animal isolates of Cryptosporidium ooccysts were examined by PCR-RFLP for identifying strain variation in isfahan.Methods: A total of 624 fecal samples of children under 5 years of age,immunocompromised patients and high risk persons and 480 rectal specimens of cow and calves selected randomly.After identification of the samples contaminated with the parasite,oocysts were purified from this samples and their DNA were extracted.These DNAs were use for the detection of Cryptosporidium species using PCR-RFLP analysis of a 1750 bp region of 18s rRNA.Results: Microscopic results showed that 4.7% of human samles and 6.2% of animal samples contaminated with Cryptosporidium.18s rRNA gene of all isolates were amplified by PCR and 18s rRNA fragment size of all isolates were identical approximately 1750 bp. RFLP results showed the samples contaminated with C.parvum II,C.baileyi.C.serpentis,C.muris.C.wrairi and three new genotype of Cryptosporidium.Conclusion: PCR-RFLP results indicates the occurence of most strains of Cryptosporidium specially C.parvum.The results also imply extensive polymorphism in this parasites and the occurrence of mutant strains of it. Furthermore,the occurrence of animal species of the parasite in human samples shwos the important of animal-human cycle of it.
Background: The present study was aimed to review the consumption pattern and health implications of convenience foods in regular life. The term 'Convenience food' is being widely used in the catering industry due to rapid progress in food technology. Consumption of convenience foods is inexorable in modern scenarios due to rapid urbanization, changing lifestyle, rising purchasing power and adaptation to western culture. Methods: A constructive review work was done from available data sources and available literatures. Results: The Indian ‘Ready-to-Eat (RTE)’ market reached at Rs 2900 crore and Rs 3500 crore in 2015 and 2016 respectively. RTE foods are growing at 40% per year. According to the World Health Organization, the trend towards surplus convenience foods provides the food industry with various commercial opportunities and profitable outcome for the food manufacturers. However, these foods are regarded as one of the least healthy dietary options, contributing to the health and diet-related diseases comparable to the risks associated with smoking, alcohol and drugs. Conclusion: Excessive consumption of convenience foods is one of the major factors for the higher incidence of obesity and other non-communicable diseases.
The traditionally used plants having therapeutically potent phyto-chemicals are known to have a great potential in the treatment of various ailments including the non-communicable ones like obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart diseases etc. Diabetes is a serious metabolic disorder affecting a large number of population worldwide. Despite the great efforts made to understand and manage this disorder, its prevalence is increasing unabatedly which creates an upsurging demand for some other approach than conventional medicines. The use of many traditional plants with anti-diabetic potential is being considered as an alternate strategy, which is cost-effective and has less side effects. This paper reviews the accumulated literature mainly for five Indian herbs having anti-diabetic activity and their proposed action of mechanism which has been scientifically tested. Phyto-compounds present in medicinal plants like gurmur (Gymnema Sylvestre), cinnamon (Cinnamomum), sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), mulberry leaves (Moraceae Plant) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) have shown significant hypoglycemic potential in treating type 2 diabetes through several possible mechanisms. Gymnemic acid in gurmur can inhibit the intestinal glucose absorption, whereas cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon and palmitoleic acid in Sea buckthorn enhances glucose uptake. The compound 1-deoxynojirimycin found in mulberry leaves inhibits the enzymatic activity of α-glucosidase and diosgenin in Fenugreek has a role in the regeneration of pancreatic β-cells, thus showing the mechanism of their anti-diabetic action. The inclusion of these medicinal plants in daily dietaries can be looked upon as an alternate strategy towards controlling and managing blood glucose levels among people with diabetes.
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