Background. Cancer is one of the world’s biggest health care challenges, with colorectal cancer (CRC) being one of the three most frequently encountered malignancy worldwide. The main cause of mortality associated with CRC is tumour invasion and metastasis. Pathogenesis of CRC is a multistep process, during which different molecular pathways come into play. The cardinal genomic alteration that has been found universally present in CRC is a mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC). APC mutation causes unrestricted action of the Wnt signaling pathway which subsequently enhances the intracellular accumulation of a protein called beta-catenin, responsible for cell proliferation, differentiation and enhanced survival of colorectal epithelial cells. Aim. This study was conducted to analyze beta–catenin expression in various colorectal neoplasms, and its change with respect to different grades and stage of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Study design. This was a cross-sectional observational study. Methods. A total of 66 cases were enrolled in this study. Census method of sampling was used. Data was collected using a pre-designed, pretested semi-structured schedule on dependent variables like beta–catenin expression and independent variables like clinico-pathological profile including dietary history, macroscopic findings, histological type, histological grade, stage and other relevant parameters. An institution based cross sectional observational study was performed between February 2016 and July 2017. Representative sections taken from the specimens included in the study were subjected to histopathological examination followed by immunohistochemistry [IHC] for beta-catenin expression; the data obtained were analyzed by mean ± SD, Student t test, Chi-square/ Fisher Exact test using statistical software SPSS 18.0. Results. A statistically significant correlation (P = 0.004), of beta–catenin localization and IHC score was noted between the benign, premalignant and malignant neoplasms following a gradual transition from a membranous to a nuclear positivity; also, a significant (P<0.001) correlation between beta–catenin nuclear score and the corresponding American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage of colorectal adenocarcinoma was also found in this study. Conclusion. The purpose of this study was to determine the change in beta-catenin expression which demonstrates a gradual shift from a membranous to subsequent cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity from normal colorectal tissue to benign, premalignant and malignant neoplasms respectively. This property of beta-catenin can determine the malignant potential of various premalignant neoplasms of the large intestine, thus aiding in an early initiation of prophylactic treatment, which can prevent the development of an invasive disease. The membranous, cytoplasmic and nuclear scores show a linear progression with the advancing stages of colorectal carcinoma, making beta–catenin a prognostic marker in malignant colorectal neoplasms.
Background: Breast carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour and leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. VEGF being a powerful mediator of angiogenesis, plays a major role in local growth as well as metastasis of many solid tumours including breast carcinoma. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the significance of VEGF expression in breast cancer and its correlation with prognostic parameters. Materials and methods: This study was conducted over a period of one year (February 2015 to January 2016). VEGF expression was evaluated in 57 histologically diagnosed cases of breast carcinoma with known ER and HER-2/neu status. Result: Among 57 cases 52(91.2%) were positive for VEGF. Positive ER expression was seen in 39 cases which is 64.8% of total cases. 54% of the total cases were positive for HER-2/neu. VEGF expression was positively correlated (P value <0.05) with tumour grade, tumour size and negatively correlated with ER (p<0.005) and HER-2/neu (p<0.005). Significant correlation also found with tumour type (p<.005). Conclusion: Considering the observations of the current study, it can be concluded that VEGF may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of breast carcinoma and has a positive correlation with biologically aggressive tumour. So consideration of this biomarker (VEGF) is to be regarded as a prognostic parameter and critical evaluator of targeted chemotherapy Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.513-518
Background: Carcinoma of the breast is a truly complex disease with a large intratumoral heterogeneity, leading to markedly variable clinical course and response to treatment modalities. Prognosis and management of breast cancer are influenced by variables such as stage, grade, hormone receptor status of estrogen(ER), progesterone(PR) and Human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2/neu) over expression. Aims and Objectives:To highlight the histomorphological spectrum of breast carcinomas and their ER,PR, HER2NEU status. And also to find out correlation between their histological grade and the hormone status . Materials and Methods - 115 breast carcinomas were clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically analyzed in which assessment of Her2/neu, ER, PR had been performed prospectively. Statistical analysis was then used to correlate the above observation. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of histopathology and immunohistochemistry in breast cancers not only in diagnosing the lesion but also in predicting the prognosis and target therapy.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.