On-going pandemic pneumonia outbreak COVID-19 has raised an urgent public health issue worldwide impacting millions of people with a continuous increase in both morbidity and mortality. The causative agent of this disease is identified and named as SARS-CoV2 because of its genetic relatedness to SARS-CoV species that was responsible for the 2003 coronavirus outbreak. The immense spread of the disease in a very small period demands urgent development of therapeutic and prophylactic interventions for the treatment of SARS-CoV2 infected patients. A plethora of research is being conducted globally on this novel coronavirus strain to gain knowledge about its origin, evolutionary history, and phylogeny. This review is an effort to compare genetic similarities and diversifications among coronavirus strains, which can hint towards the susceptible antigen targets of SARS-CoV2 to come up with the potential therapeutic and prophylactic interventions for the prevention of this public threat.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been successfully used for the alleviation of pain and inflammation in the past and continue to be used daily by millions of patients worldwide. However, gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity associated with NSAIDs is an important medical and socioeconomic problem. Local generation of various reactive oxygen species plays a significant role in the formation of gastric ulceration associated with NSAIDs therapy. Co-medication of antioxidants along with NSAIDs has been found to be beneficial in the prevention of GI injury. This paper describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of N-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-2-methylamino-substituted-1H-benzimidazole derivatives as anti-inflammatory analgesic agents with lower GI toxicity. Studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that the antioxidant activity of the test compounds decreased GI toxicity.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common condition in aging men, associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). A better understanding of the prostate physiology, function, and pathogenesis has led to the development of promising agents, useful in the management of LUTS in men. The specific approach used to treat BPH depends upon number of factors like age, prostrate size, weight, prostate-specific antigen level, and severity of the symptoms. 5α-reductase inhibitors decrease the production of dihydrotestosterone within the prostate, which results in decreased prostate volume, increased peak urinary flow rate, improvement of symptoms, decreased risk of acute urinary retention, and need for surgical intervention. α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) antagonists decrease LUTS and increase urinary flow rates in men with symptomatic BPH, but do not reduce the long-term risk of urinary retention or need for surgical intervention. Clinical efficacy of either 5α-reductase inhibitor or α1-AR antagonist has been further improved by using combination therapy; however, long-term outcomes are still awaited. Many more potential new therapies are under development that may improve the treatment of BPH. This article gives a brief account of rationale and efficacy of different treatment options presently available in the management of BPH.
This article give a brief account of rationale and efficacy of various existing phytotherapeutic agents in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia, including the herbs which hold the potential promise are also mentioned, although much research is still required.
Increasing resistance to presently
available antimalarial drugs
urges the need to look for new promising compounds. The β-carboline
moiety, present in several biologically active natural products and
drugs, is an important scaffold for antimalarial drug discovery. The
present study explores the antimalarial activity of a β-carboline
derivative (1
R
,3
S
)-methyl 1-(benzo[
d
][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1
H
-pyrido[3,4-
b
]indole-3-carboxylate (
9a
) alone
in vitro
against
Plasmodium
falciparum
and
in vivo
in combination
therapy with the standard drug artesunate against
Plasmodium
berghei
. Compound
9a
inhibited both 3D7
and RKL-9 strains of
P. falciparum
with
half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC
50
) < 1 μg/mL,
respectively. The compound was nontoxic (50% cytotoxic concentration
(CC
50
) > 640 μg/mL) to normal dermal fibroblasts.
Selectivity index was >10 against both the strains. The compound
exhibited
considerable
in vivo
antimalarial activity (median
effective dose (ED
50
) = 27.74 mg/kg) in monotherapy. The
combination of
9a
(100 mg/kg) and artesunate (50 mg/kg)
resulted in 99.69% chemosuppression on day 5 along with a mean survival
time of 25.8 ± 4.91 days with complete parasite clearance. Biochemical
studies indicated the safety of the HIT compound to hepatic and renal
functions of mice. Molecular docking also highlighted the suitability
of
9a
as a potential antimalarial candidate.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.