Plants are the source of different drugs belonging to various therapeutic categories like antidiabetics, antispasmodics, antihypertensive, anticancer, antidepressants, antimicrobials, etc. Plants are used to treat various ailments and these plants have been used by different individuals and tribals worldwide. Use of plants to treat various ailments have also been mentioned in Ayurveda. Along these lines, various researchers are involved in isolating and assessing different bioactive molecules, to be isolated from various plant sources. Isolation of bioactive molecules is not an easy task for researchers. This review gives a focus on extraction and phytochemical screening methods along with their merits and demerits.
Nipah Virus is a zoo tonic virus and has re-emerged again with more deadliness. NiV has infected many animals and humans worldwide and a huge loss to life has been faced. NiV contains a Fusion protein on its outer membrane which helps in the virus entry into the host cell. This fusion protein is a virulent factor and is a major anti-viral target. Many medicinal plants have been used against viral diseases, current research aims towards the potential of three daily dietary food elements that can be used as an anti-viral agent. In-silico studies are performed with 4-hyroxypanduratin A, 6-gingerol and Luteolin against the NiV-F and binding energies were calculated. It was reported that these phyto-compounds have good negative binding energies and they have the promising potential against Nipah Virus. Further in-vitro research can be performed with these phyto-compounds to design a specific drug against Nipah Virus.
The importance of the reliability of medicinal plants had previously been focused on the treatment rather than the prevention of ailments. Despite that more than 90% of traditional medicinal remedies or formulations encompasses medicinal plants. Available literature also signified the implication of medicinal moieties from herbal resources in various preventive measures during adopted strategies for disease control.
Portulaca tuberosa (P. tuberosa) Roxb belonging to the family Portulacaceae, is traditionally used internally in dysuria as well as applied externally to erysipelas by the natives. The aerial parts of the plant contain diterpenoids, pilosanone A and pilosanone B. Previous studies showed that P. tuberosa has good diuretic and analgesic effects when used by the people traditionally, however, in vivo antipyretic activity was still lacking for established scientific evidences; hence the present study was carried out to investigate and report the antipyretic activity of ethanolic leaf extract of P. tuberosa (ELPT) using aspirin as standard drug against pyrexia induced by subcutaneous injection of 20% w/v aqueous yeast suspension in normal saline at the dose of 10 ml/kg body weight. Swiss albino mice were used for the study and divided into 5 groups containing 6 mice in each group. Three doses of ELPT that is, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg B/w were used for activity. After 4 h of extract administration, the rectal temperatures were recorded by digital thermometer (Holden medical B.V, Netherlands). The result showed that P. tuberosa leaf extract at a dose of 800 mg/kg possessed more potent significant (p < 0.01) antipyretic activity in comparison to the other doses that is, 200 and 400 mg/kg when compared to the standard.
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The development in these traditional systems of medicine leads to maintain proper quality of the product. India is rich in its flora and fauna. These plants are being used for curing many diseases as such in raw condition rather the being prepared as formulation. Churana is defined as a fine powder of drug or drugs in Ayurvedic system of medicine. Drugs mentioned in patha, are cleaned properly, dried thoroughly, pulverised and then sieved. The churana is free flowing and retains its potency for one year, if preserved in air tight containers. Churna formulations are similar to powder formulations in Allopathic system of medicine. In recent days churna is formulated into tablets in order to fix the dose easily. The churana was evaluated depending on various evaluation parameters and from the results obtained it was found to be within the standards. These preliminary tests can be prescribed as standards to fix the quality control test the churana and can be used in routine analysis of the same. The can also be used to perform quality control and quality assurance in the laboratory.
The “Tulsi” plant or Indian basil occupies an important place in the Indian population. The plant grows in the wild in the tropics and other warm regions. The study followed an exhaustive literature survey and further concluded its uses in edibles as well as in therapeutic formulations. Leaves of Tulsi was found to be used in various pathological conditions like cough, respiratory disorders, eye disorders, depression and fever. Traditionally, tulsi is consumed as many practices like in dried powder, herbal tea and fresh leaf and/or mixed with ghee. Essential oil obtained from “Karpooratulasi” is commonly used for medicinal values as well as in herbal cosmetics.The active chemical constituents found in tulsi are eugenol, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, rosmarinic acid, carvacrol, linalool and β-caryophyllene.
Jatropha gossypiifolia L. broadly addressed as bellyache bush, refers to therapeutic plant utilized all through Asian countries. A few human and veterinary utilizations in conventional medication are portrayed for various specifics and arrangements dependent on aforementioned plant. This paper give a cutting-edge review of conventional uses, pharmacology, and toxicology of J. gossypiifolia species, taking into account examination of its therapeutic worth and potential application in integral and elective medication. Pharmacological examinations have exhibited noteworthy activity of various concentrates elements as anti-microbial, mitigating, anti-diarrheal, anti-hypertensive, and anti-cancerous specialists, among different, supporting a portion of famous employments. No clinical preliminary was distinguished to date. Moreover investigations are important to test significant society utilizations, just as to discover naive bioactive atoms with pharmacological pertinence dependent on the well-known cases. Toxicological investigations related with phytochemical examination are critical to comprehend the possible lethal impacts that could lessen its restorative worth. The current review gives bits of knowledge to future research focusing on both ethnopharmacological approval of its famous use and its investigation as another wellspring of home grown medications and additionally bioactive characteristic items.
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