A study was conducted to determine the dissipation of glyphosate applied at three dose levels in tea crop in mid hill conditions of northwest Himalaya, India in two consecutive seasons. More than 65% of the initial residues in the soil were found to have dissipated within 30 days following application to the tea irrespective of the dose. Glyphosate persisted in the soil for up to 30, 45 and 60 days at application doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 kg/ha, respectively. Glyphosate residues in the tea leaves were detected for up to 15 days with all three treatments. Half lives of glyphosate ranged from 5.80 to 19.10 days in the soil of the tea fields and 5.82 to 7.91 days in the tea leaves at the three doses. Glyphosate concentrations in the tea leaves were found to be below the maximum residue limit (1 mg/kg).
The longstanding progressive neurodegenerative conditions of the central nervous system arise mainly due to deterioration, degradation and eventual neuronal cell loss. As an individual ages, the irreversible neurodegenerative disorders associated with aging also begin to develop, and these have become exceedingly prominent and pose a significant burden mentally, socially and economically on both the individual and their family. These disorders express several symptoms, such as tremors, dystonia, loss of cognitive functions, impairment of motor activity leading to immobility, loss of memory and many more which worsen with time. The treatment employed in management of these debilitating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease (which mainly involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal region), Alzheimer’s disease (which arises due to accumulation of Tau proteins causing diffusive atrophy in the brain), Huntington’s disease (which involves damage of striatal and spinal neurons, etc.), have several adverse effects, leading to exploration of several lead targets and molecules existing in herbal drugs. The current review highlights the mechanistic role of natural products in the treatment of several neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, ischemic stroke and depression.
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