Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of computed tomography in identifying the various pattern of pneumatization in the sphenoid sinuses.Knowledge of pattern of pneumatization is essential for various trans-sphenoidal surgical procedures. Methodology: This is a retrospective study conducted at tertiary care hospital Lahore General Hospital Department of Diagnostic Radiology from the period of June 2020 to December 2020.The study consisted of a total of 80 patients from age group of 20 years to 70 years who were referred to the Department of Diagnostic Radiology for CT scan(PNS) .Patients of age less than 20 years , previous facial surgeries , trauma of skull base and having tumor of sphenoid sinuses were excluded. Sphenoid sinuses images were evaluated for pneumatization by posterior and anterior extensions. RESULTS: The patients included were in the age range of 20-70 year with an average age of 43.5 year in which 44 (55%) were male and 36(45) were female The pneumatization pattern observed in the sphenoid sinuses in descending order was as follows , post sellar prevalence was 75%, prevalence of sellar was 10% and 2.5% was presellar. Conchal prevelance was observed to be 0%. Conclusion: Sphenoid sinus anatomy review before trans-sphenoidal surgery is vital for safer endoscopic instrumentation of the patients . Keyword: Sphenoid sinus, pneumatization, cerebral fluid leak, endoscopy
Introduction: The variations in anterior cerebral artery (ACA) has high clinical significance for surgeons Aim: This study aims to assess the variations of ACA with the help of CT angiography (CTA) Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted from Nov 2019 to Feb 2020 at Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. In total, 150 patients went under detailed analysis. The demographic data such as age and gender were noted for each patient. The CTA was performed with the help of 128-slice CT scanner. The reports were assessed by an experienced radiologist. Anatomic variations were noted and presented as frequencies and percentages. Results: The study included 92 (61.33%) were females and 58 (38.66%) were males with mean age 50.2 ± 3.7 years. Azygos anterior cerebral artery was present in 14 patients (9%), hypoplasia of anterior cerebral artery A1 segment in 43 (35.66%) patients,11 (7.33%) patients showed bi-hemispheric anterior cerebral artery, right anterior cerebral artery dominance in 2 (1.33%) patients, 8 (4.33 %) were detected with congenital absence of A1 segment. Anterior cerebral artery trifurcation had prevalence of 6(3.2%). Conclusion: It can be concluded that anterior cerebral artery variations have low prevalence and CT angiography is a gold method for detecting them.
Nutritional status is an important aspect of child’s health profile and affects child’s development and growth. This study aimed at exploring relationship between maternal literacy and malnutrition in children under-five years old. Methodology: Two groups were made comprising of mothers, according to the nutritional status of their under-five children presenting in free clinic in Ali Raza Abad Lahore with URTI. Results: Significant difference was found in literacy level in two groups; with 38% illiteracy amongst mothers with malnourished children as compared to 14% amongst women with children not suffering from malnutrition and p value at 0.0062. More mothers of children suffering from malnutrition were found illiterate as compared to mother of well-nourished children. Conclusion: As illiteracy affected children nutrition it is recommended that illiterate women may be targeted for health education on short term basis and education be made mandatory for long term solution to this problem.
Background: Fever caused by dengue is one of the most important potential viral re-emerging diseases, especially in sub-tropics and tropics, infecting around fifty million people all over the world. Dengue virus (DENV) is spread through mosquito bite and is a member of the genus Flavivirus and has four serotypes (DENV-1, 2, 3, and 4), all of which are capable of inducing hemorrhagic dengue fever and dengue shock syndrome. There are several fates of infection caused by dengue virus ranging from asymptomatic infection to subclinical infection and clinical presentation that may be undistinguishable fever or dengue hemorrhagic fever. Active surveillance, effective reporting and case management can reduce the threat of dengue. Methodology: The current KAP survey of dengue assess the knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices of the general public which through statistical analysis showed the mismatch between the knowledge and practices towards dengue disease. Results: The results of current study have identified that the participants in the survey had negative knowledge, attitudes and practices toward dengue. The KAP parameters decreased along with decreased educational status, exposure to telecommunication facilities, awareness about the signs/symptoms, severity and fatality of disease and about the mosquito related preventive measures. Conclusion: It was concluded that in the current KAP survey the Knowledge, Attitudes and Preventive practices towards dengue fever among all the participants was different and this difference mainly due to backward education system, low socio-economic status. Keywords: Dengue, Flavivirus, KAP, Fever.
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