Background: this study aims to estimate the level of tobacco use among school-going adolescents and also identify the factors that influence youth to use tobacco. Identification of the factors responsible for initiating tobacco use among adolescents will be useful for identifying the most effective interventions to prevent youths from taking up the tobacco habit.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which was conducted in adolescent students of grade 8, 9 and 10 from secondary schools within Kota city of Rajasthan. 2032 questionnaires (1228 from government schools and 804 from non-government schools) were included in the analysis. Results: About seven in ten (71.0%) adolescent students were living in the family where at least one member uses tobacco. Nearly one-third (31.0%) of the adolescent students were having good knowledge and less than half (42.7%) were having some knowledge about the hazards of tobacco use. About one third (32.3%) of adolescent students were exposed to pro-tobacco advertisements.Conclusions: Immediate action to reduce adolescents' exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is necessary. Prohibiting tobacco use at school and monitoring the high-risk behaviors of adolescents in school is necessary. Strictly Announcing schools and other public places as “tobacco-free places” will help to minimize the exposure to tobacco smoke. It also helps to change social norms and ultimately to minimize the use of tobacco.
Background: Correlation of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) with severity of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and comparison of PEFR with same age, sex, height and nutritional status of children of age group 7 to 18 years.
Methods: This is a case control study in children in the age group of 7 to 18 years of both sexes suffering from LRTI admitted in department of paediatrics of a tertiary care government hospital of Hadoti region. The duration of study was October 2019 to September 2020. Group 1 (case group) comprised of children having LRTI, whereas group 2 (control group) comprised of healthy and asymptomatic children There were 250 children in each group and they were further categorized into 3 age groups of 7-10 years, 11-13 years and 14-18 years. The PEFR of LRTI group children was compared with control group children with the similar age, sex as well as the anthropometric measurements.
Results: In LRTI group, the PEFR had significant difference from control group, in all three age groups (p<0.0001). The study showed positive co-linear relationship between age, height, weight and BMI with PEFR in both males and females in LTRI and control groups.
Conclusions: Effect of PEFR depends upon anthropometric measurements of children of different age group in both LRTI population and control population. In control group PEFR showed significant difference between boys and girls, but in LRTI group PEFR showed non-significant difference between boys and girl in their respective age groups.
Retinal vein occlusion is second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy. Macular oedema secondary to RVO is the second
most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy. Various treatment options have been mentioned in literature i.e., Anti VEGF
injections, retinal laser, corticosteroids, vitrectomy, etc. We here with report a case of CRVO with recurrent macular edema even after 2 monthly
doses of intravitreal ranibizumab injections who responded very well by single intravitreal injection of dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex). Till 3
months post injection of single dexamethasone implant, visual acuity was stable at 6/12 with maintaining of central foveal thickness below 250
microns without requiring of any other further mode of treatment. So we conclude that dexamethasone intravitreal implant is a very good effective
mode of treatment in such cases of CRVO with recurrent macular edema.
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