<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Neck swellings are a common cause of dilemma to clinicians. Accurate diagnosis of neck swellings is of paramount importance. This study evaluated patients with neck swellings to study their ultrasonographic features and correlated the ultrasound findings with the final diagnosis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 100 patients with neck swellings were evaluated clinically and divided into four groups– congenital, inflammatory, benign and malignant. Thereafter, they underwent high-resolution Ultrasound (US) and the ultrasonographic features of each type of swelling were studied. A final diagnosis was established after further evaluation using FNAC, further imaging, surgical intervention in the form of incision and drainage or excision/incisional biopsy with histopathological examination or successful non-surgical treatment. Ultrasound findings were compared with final diagnosis. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> For swellings of inflammatory nature, this study showed the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of US to be 87.2%, 96.6%, 94.4%, 91.9% respectively. For benign swellings, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV was 97.5%, 91.3%, 88.6% and 98.1% respectively. Sensitivity of US in diagnosing malignant lesions of the neck was 87.5% with a specificity of 98.7%, PPV 93.3% and NPV 97.5%. Sensitivity of US in detecting thyroid malignancy in the present study was 83.3% and in diagnosing malignant lymph nodes was 87.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Ultrasound is the ideal modality for initial imaging for neck swellings. Later on, as per the need and Ultrasound findings, one can go in for further haematological investigations, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and Radiological investigations. </p>
BACKGROUND:Of the various pathologies that afflict the liver, liver masses form an important group. Computed tomography (CT) is the imaging modality most often used to evaluate focal liver lesions. OBJECTIVE: To characterize focal hepatic lesions using multi detector computed tomogram (MDCT) and determines its sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing various lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The study was conducted on hundred patients in the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Government Medical College, Amritsar from August 2012 to October 2014. Patients with clinical symptoms, laboratory finding referable to the hepato-biliary system, palpable right upper quadrant mass or incidentally detected liver masses with ultrasound or CT were included in the study. The MDCT findings were correlated with serology, histopathology, surgical findings or with therapeutic response in 75 out of 100 patients. Sensitivity and specificity of CT scan in diagnosing and characterizing focal hepatic lesions was then calculated. RESULTS: Out of 100 patients, 64(64%) patients had benign and 36(36%) had malignant lesions. On later histopathological or serological correlation, definite diagnosis was made in 75 cases. The sensitivity and specificity of multidetector CT scan for the detection and characterization of amebic abscess, pyogenic abscesses, hydatid cyst, primary hepatic malignancies and metastasis was 94.7% and 96.4%, 80% and 98.3%, 100% and 100%, 87.5% and 98.5%, 100% and 98% respectively. Thus, in the present study, sensitivity of MDCT in diagnosing focal hepatic lesions was found to be between 80-100% and specificity to be between 96.4-100%. CONCLUSIONS: MDCT is a highly sensitive noninvasive tool for detection and characterization of focal hepatic lesions.
OBJECTIVES:To study the role of ultrasonography and computed tomography in the evaluation of abdominal masses, to compare their diagnostic accuracies, to evaluate the imaging features of lesions and to know the exact site of origin and extension into surrounding structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A prospective study of 104 patients with abdominal masses. USG was done with Toshiba SSA and Philips Envisor C machine and CT-Scan examination was performed in all patients on Philips brilliance 6-slice whole body CT scanner. RESULTS: There were 35(30.62%) cases of hepatobilliary masses, renal15(14.40%)cases, pancreatic 7(6.72%)cases, 5(4.80%) cases of splenic masses and 30(28.82%) cases of pelvic masses.8 cases with other abdominal masses. Hepatic SOL were detected in 6(5.76%) and 8(7.69%), 5(4.80%)cases of gall bladder masses and 4(3.85%), Omental caking was seen in 2(1.92%) cases and 4(3.85%), calcification was seen in 2(1.92%) cases and 4(3.85%) cases, renal calculi were seen in 4(3.84%) cases and6(5.77%) cases, on sonography and CT examination. Peritoneal deposits were seen in 3(2.88%) cases of ovarian carcinoma and unknown malignancy on US and in 5(4.88%) cases on CT. Ascites and lymphadenopathy was more accurately detected on CT as compared to US.CT detected splenicinfarcts which were missed on ultrasonography. CONCLUSION: CT is more sensitive in evaluation of site and size of lesion, detection of calcification, adjacent organ infiltration and regional lymphadenopathy. The limitations of CT are ionizing radiation, high cost and contrast administration. Hence ultrasound should be the primary screening modality and CT should be used for further characterizing the masses.
BACKGROUNDAcute pelvic pain can result from the gastrointestinal, gynaecological and/or urological systems. Ultrasound can be used as an initial imaging modality in the evaluation of acute pelvic pain.
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