Objectives:To compare depression and psychological well-being between caregivers of schizophrenic patients and non-caregivers and to study the burden of caregiving as a relative risk for depression and psychological well-being.Methods:This cross sectional comparative study was conducted at International Islamic university Islamabad from January to September 2017. Fifty informal caregivers of schizophrenic patients from 19 to 55 years of age were included in the study. The control group consisted of age and socio-economic status matched healthy volunteers who did not have any psychological or medical patient at home needing care and assistance. For measurement of study variables i.e., burden of caregiving, depression and psychological well-being, instruments used were Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) respectively.Results:Results were analyzed using MANOVA followed by One-Way ANOVA. Findings indicated that informal caregivers of schizophrenia have greater depression and poor psychological well-being in comparison to the non-caregiver controls. Association of caregiving burden with psychological well-being and depression was calculated using Chi Square test and relative risk.Conclusion:Caregiving adversely affects informal caregivers’ mental health and wellbeing. Informal caregiving is a burden for the caregivers; health status of family members involved in caregiving should be routinely assessed to enhance their health-related quality of life.
The present study examined the posttraumatic effects of terrorism on women, internally displaced from Federally administered tribal areas of Pakistan (FATA). The sample comprised of 130 women temporarily placed in Jalozai camps in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Posttraumatic stress disorder scale (PTSD) was used to assess the mental health of respondents. The results revealed that most women were experiencing PTSD symptoms and 41% met the criteria for overall diagnosis of PTSD. Findings further revealed age as a significant predictor of PTSD among women IDPs. The need for practical projects to help internally displaced women is discussed. Public Significance StatementTerrorism and resultant internal displacement present several major challenges to Pakistani society. Majority of women IDPs are reactive to the negative life circumstances which lead to PTSD. Therefore, there is a need for effective interventions in the form of practical programs which include enhancing their basic education in the areas of family health.
In the present study, we aimed to identify and measure the risk factors for developing extremist tendencies. We thus developed a comprehensive risk assessment tool to identify extremism and violent tendencies among young people in the context of Pakistan. This research is being carried out in three successive studies that are built upon each other. In Study-I, we carried out detailed focused group discussions (FGDs) with psychologists, military personnel, religious scholars, police officers, educationists, and media analysts to identify any potential risk factors for extremism. Based upon the findings of FDGs and detailed literature review we generated an item pool comprising of 68 items to assess such risk factors among young people in Pakistan. A tryout for initial version of the newly developed test was conducted (n = 32) for the scale to assess preliminary psychometric properties and face validity of the scale. In study II, we carried out Exploratory Factor Analysis on a sample comprising of 365 young adults (age 16-30 years; female = 234; male = 131). The scree plot suggested retaining five factors, including lack of tolerance toward others, desire to have control over others, dependant self-worth, lack of religious tolerance, and lack of education. In study III, we recruited 347 participants 142 female (40%) and 205 male (58%) age ranged 16-28 years. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) model showed acceptable fit to the data, χ 2 (406) = 2181.890, p < .001; CFI = 0.91; RMSEA = 0.038; SRMR = 0.056. The CFA model largely confirmed the factorial structure we derived from EFA study II sample except "Lack of education" which was not sustained due to poor item loading. In contrast, religious intolerance, although identified as one of the risk factors, appears to contribute minimally to the variance within the model that we developed on Risk Assessment Tool for Extremism (RATE). We found strong positive correlation between Violent Extremism Beliefs Scale (VEBS) and RATE. Moreover, Risk Factors for Extremism have positive correlation with negative psychological outcomes including Depression, Anxiety, and Stress. Public Significance StatementExtremism and radicalization are a growing concern for many societies, especially in low-income countries. This study suggests various significant psychological risk factors for extremism among young individuals. The newly developed scale will be imperative in highlighting the presence and magnitude of risk for extremism among young individuals.
Objective: To study the relationship and impact of post traumatic growth and psychological distress on qualityof life among renal failure patients seeking dialysis, and to see differences in these variables among different age group patients. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Government Hospital Mardan Pakistan, fromJan to Jun 2019. Methodology: A sample of 300 renal failure Patients 18 years or older who had a diagnosis of end-stage renal disease receiving treatment within different dialysis units were approached through purposive sampling technique. Post traumatic growth inventory Quality of life scale and the Psychological distress scale were used to measure the study variables. Results: Results reveal that psychological distress has a negative correlation with post traumatic growth (r=-0.77**, p<0.01) and Quality of Life (r= -0.73**, p<.01). Whereas, Post Traumatic Growth has a strong positive correlation with Quality of Life (r=0.68*, p<0.01). Similarly, Psychological distress (β= -0.89, p<.000) and post traumatic growth (β=0.25, p<.000) significantly predict quality of life and explained 57% variance (F (2,297) = 198.4, p<0.000, R2=0.57) among the sample. Moreover, the results also show significant differences in the study variables between the two age groups (i.e., 16 to 32 years and 33 to 48 years) and it further suggest that middle age patients had higher levels of PTG as compared to younger and older patients. Conclusion: This study reveals a significant negative relationship of post traumatic growth with psychologicaldistress and a significant effect of post traumatic growth and psychological distress on the quality of life in thesample. This study also concludes that middle-age group patients had higher levels of post traumatic growth ascompared to young and old patients.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.