Repetitive articulatory rate or Oral Diadochokinesis (oral-DDK) shows a guideline for appraisal and diagnosis of subjects with oral-motor disorder. Traditionally, meaningless words repetition has been utilized in this task and preschool children have challenges with them. Therefore, we aimed to determine some meaningful words in order to test oral-DDK in Persian speaking preschool children. Participants were 142 normally developing children, (age range 4–6 years), who were asked to produce /motæka, golabi/ as two meaningful Persian words and /pa-ta-ka/ as non-word in conventional oral-DDK task. We compared the time taken for 10-times fast repetitions of two meaningful Persian words and the tri-syllabic nonsense word /pa-ta-ka/. Praat software was used to calculate the average time that subjects took to produce the target items. In 4–5 year old children, of time taken for 10-times repetitions of /pa-ta-ka, motæka, golabi/ were , and seconds respectively, and in 5–6 year old children were , and seconds respectively. Findings showed that the main effect of type of words on oral diadochokinesis was significant (). Children repeated meaningful words /motæka, golabi/ faster than the non-word /pa-ta-ka/. Sex and age factors had no effect on time taken for repetition of oral-DDK test. It is suggested that Speech Therapists can use meaningful words to facilitate oral-DDK test for children.

Background and aims: Oropharyngeal dysphagia is one of the common symptoms after stroke and is a marker for poor prognosis. Select the best therapy procedure is important. This study reviews the various therapy methods available to clinicians.Methods: An electronic database search was performed on PubMed and Embase. The search was limited to English publications. Terms such as stroke, dysphagia, swallowing disorders; deglutition, deglutition disorders, treatment outcome, electro-stimulation-therapy, thermal-stimulation, muscle-training, rehabilitation, also extensive manual searching was conducted.Results: oropharyngeal dysphagia interventions are divided into 5 groups based on the type of therapy: 1- bolus modifications and management (Compensatory Techniques), 2- swallow maneuvers and postures (Compensatory Techniques and/or Rehabilitative Techniques) 3- combination of interventions (Compensatory Techniques and/or Rehabilitative Techniques), 4- electro-stimulation and thermo-tactile stimulation (Facilitation Techniques), 5- other interventions (Rehabilitative Techniques).Conclusion: There are different therapy procedures that can be use for Oropharyngeal dysphagia after stroke, but there are questions about the most effective of therapy, although some positive significant outcome studies have been published.